Vibration of Beryllium Foil Window Caused by Plasma Particle Bombardment in Plasma Focus X-Ray Source

Satô, Toshihiko; Ochiai, Isao; Kato, Yasuo; Murayama, Seiichi

doi:10.1143/jjap.30.385

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We should add, that, as noted earlier, the output channel in the full-scale device is located at the top of the chamber. This also eliminates the necessity to clean the output Ðlter of macroparticles incident from the plasma focus zone, as is done, for example, by Sato et al [8], for the case when the radiation is output below.…”

Section: Experiments With a Single Capacitormentioning

confidence: 98%

A Powerful Soft X-ray Source for X-ray Lithography Based on Plasma Focusing

et al. 1998

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A source of soft X-ray emission based on the miniature 15 kJ (9È14 Ó) plasma focus was developed and tested. The X-ray emission was channelled along the chamber axis through an opening in the inner electrode (anode). A regime with a mean output of more than 100 J per discharge was found. At a discharge current of 280 kA and repetition rate of 3.5 Hz achieved by the device, its lifetime was estimated to be 107 commutations (about a year of continuous operation). A demonstration experiment on irradiation of an X-ray resist is discussed.

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Section: Experiments With a Single Capacitormentioning

confidence: 98%

A Powerful Soft X-ray Source for X-ray Lithography Based on Plasma Focusing

et al. 1998

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“…The transduction of ion kinetic energy into membrane oscillation is described well by a thermomechanical model. 25 In this model, when accelerated ions propagate through the flight tube and bombard the absorber, the kinetic energy (in MALDI-TOF, typically 25 keV) is transformed mostly into thermal energy. This raises the temperature in the vicinity of the impact site causing a nonuniform temperature distribution across the nanomembrane.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Mechanical Nanomembrane Detector for Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2011

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We describe here a new principle for ion detection in time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry in which an impinging ion packet excites mechanical vibrations in a silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) nanomembrane. The nanomembrane oscillations are detected by means of time-varying field emission of electrons from the mechanically oscillating nanomembrane. Ion detection is demonstrated in the MALDI-TOF analysis of proteins varying in mass from 5729 (insulin) to 150,000 (Immunoglobulin G) daltons. The detector response agrees well with the predictions of a thermomechanical model in which the impinging ion packet causes a nonuniform temperature distribution in the nanomembrane, exciting both fundamental and higher order oscillations.

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“…17 The quasi-dynamic mode (ii) finally is based on the transduction of the kinetic energy of the biomolecules bombarding the surface of the nanomembrane into the mechanical oscillations. 29 As high-energy ion packets hit the nanomembrane, the kinetic energy is transformed into thermal energy. This raises the temperature in the vicinity of the impact site causing a nonuniform temperature gradient over the nanomembrane.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Unless a successive ion packet arrives, the vibration ceases, and eventually the nanomembrane falls back to its equilibrium position. The vibration of the nanomembrane can be detected by a position sensor, 29 which is in our case by means of field emission. 11 The induced vibrations of the nanomembrane caused by the thermal gradient can be expressed by: 30…”

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Quasi-dynamic mode of nanomembranes for time-of-flight mass spectrometry of proteins

Park

Blick

2012

Nanoscale

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Mechanical resonators realized on the nano-scale by now offer applications in mass-sensing of biomolecules with extraordinary sensitivity. The general idea is that perfect mechanical biosensors should be of extremely small size to achieve zeptogram sensitivity in weighing single molecules similar to a balance. However, the small scale and long response time of weighing biomolecules with a cantilever restrict their usefulness as a high-throughput method. Commercial mass spectrometry (MS) such as electro-spray ionization (ESI)-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time of flight (TOF)-MS are the gold standards to which nanomechanical resonators have to live up to. These two methods rely on the ionization and acceleration of biomolecules and the following ion detection after a mass selection step, such as time-of-flight (TOF). Hence, the spectrum is typically represented in m/z, i.e. the mass to ionization charge ratio. Here, we describe the feasibility and mass range of detection of a new mechanical approach for ion detection in time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the principle of which is that the impinging ion packets excite mechanical oscillations in a silicon nitride nanomembrane. These mechanical oscillations are henceforth detected via field emission of electrons from the nanomembrane. Ion detection is demonstrated in MALDI-TOF analysis over a broad range with angiotensin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and an equimolar protein mixture of insulin, BSA, and immunoglobulin G (IgG). We find an unprecedented mass range of operation of the nanomembrane detector.

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Vibration of Beryllium Foil Window Caused by Plasma Particle Bombardment in Plasma Focus X-Ray Source

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

A Powerful Soft X-ray Source for X-ray Lithography Based on Plasma Focusing

A Powerful Soft X-ray Source for X-ray Lithography Based on Plasma Focusing

A Mechanical Nanomembrane Detector for Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

Quasi-dynamic mode of nanomembranes for time-of-flight mass spectrometry of proteins

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