“…However, feedforward control methods limits the parametric changes and disturbances (Phan et al 2009). With regard to feedback control, a number of different control strategies were introduced to overcome this drawback (Rovner and Franklin, 1988;Ryu et al 2000;Ho and Tu, 2006;Ahmad and Mohamed, 2008;Maouche and Attari, 2008). In addition to measuring joint positioning and vibration suppression, it is desirable to employ the smart material in line with sensing and control that are done locally by smart materials for different physical properties.…”