Vibrational relaxation of molecules in condensed media

Optimum fluorescence emission around 1.8 μm for LiYF 4 single crystals of various Tm 3+ -doping concentrations

“…Hence, it is possible for the quantum efficiency of Tm 3+ to reach 200%. Cross relaxation is closely linked to the distance between ions, [12] and this phenomenon is not obvious at lower concentrations. With increasing doping level, the distance between the ions decreases gradually and, correspondingly, the resonance transmission effect of neighboring Tm 3+ ions occurs more strongly, thereby increasing the luminous intensity of 1.8 µm.…”

Batch emulsion copolymerization of 3‐O‐methacryloyl‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐glucofuranose and butyl acrylate: Synthesis and properties of the sugar latices

“…where T g (1) and T g (2) are glass temperature values of the respective homopolymers; W 1 and W 2 are the weight fractions of the two monomers (M 1 , M 2 ); T g (12) is an experimental T g determined from Figure 8 at a polymer composition of 50 mol % that can be evaluated at 75°C; and P 11 , P 22 , P 12 , and P 21 are the monomer distribution probabilities. They are determined as follows 1/P 12 ϭ 1/( ; nЈ ij ϭ (n ij ␣ ij )/⌺ i ⌺ j n ij ␣ ij because each dyad ij has a number of bond rotation ␣ ij and leads to a molar fraction n ij that is weighted to nЈ ij ; ␣ 11 was determined and found to be 22 for the dyad M 1 M 1 .…”

“…Emulsion polymerization of alkyl (meth)acrylates is well known, and the corresponding latices have found a wide range of industrial applications such as articles, textiles, adhesives, water-based coating, additives, flocculent, and in medical diagnostic tests. 1 One of the most investigated systems is butyl acrylate (BA) that is based on polymer latices. Emulsion copolymerization of BA with some widely used comonomers, for example, styrene (St), vinyl acetate, and other (meth)acrylates such as methyl methacrylate (MMA), was exhaustively investigated with different polymerization processes.…”

Dissipative dynamics of a harmonic oscillator with environmentally caused frequency modulation

“…Theoretical description of the vibrational relaxation leads inevitably to an opensystem dynamics problem (Diestler 1976, Lin 1980, Mukamel 1978. Usually, we pick up an active molecular mode which is taken to be a harmonic oscillator.…”