Vibrio alginolyticus infections in Hawaii

Pien, Francis D.; Lee, K; Higa, Harry H.

doi:10.1128/jcm.5.6.670-672.1977

Cited by 38 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Although overall experience managing chronic otitis externa caused by V. alginolyticus is limited, appropriate topical antibiotic agents are recommended to cure such otitis, according to a review of Vibrio-caused infections (Baker-Austin et al, 2018). Consistent with prior reports (Pien et al, 1977;Tsakris et al, 1995;Mukherji et al, 2000;Citil et al, 2015), the condition of our patient improved after antibiotic therapy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Occasionally, the causative organisms associated with otitis media and otitis externa are airborne or waterborne pathogens transmitted from other infections individuals or environmental sources, such as members of the genera Mycobacterium (Nanda et al, 2016;Bhatkar et al, 2017) and Vibrio (Kechker et al, 2017). Marine Vibrio species, in particular, have been known to cause ear infections associated with exposure to seawater (Pien et al, 1977;Mukherji et al, 2000;Citil et al, 2015). Vibrio species, belonging to the Vibrionaceae family, are Gram-negative; straight, curved, or comma-shaped; facultative; anaerobic; motile bacteria that are found ubiquitously in aquatic environments worldwide, including aquaculture conditions, marine coastal waters and sediments, and estuaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A small number of cases describing V. alginolyticus-associated ear infections have been documented since 1977 (Pien et al, 1977). However, no cases of V. alginolyticus-associated infections have been reported in China or any other Asian country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristic and Otopathogenic Analysis of a Vibrio alginolyticus Strain Responsible for Chronic Otitis Externa in China

et al. 2021

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Vibrio alginolyticus, a Gram-negative rod bacterium found in marine environments, is known to cause opportunistic infections in humans, including ear infections, which can be difficult to diagnose. We investigated the microbiological and otopathogenic characteristics of a V. alginolyticus strain isolated from an ear exudate specimen obtained from a patient with chronic otitis externa to provide a basis for the future diagnosis of V. alginolyticus-associated infections. The identification of V. alginolyticus was accomplished using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), classical biochemical identification methods, and the use of Vibrio-selective media and advanced molecular identification methodologies. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the strain was resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to β-lactam, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamide antibiotics. The potential otopathogenic effects of V. alginolyticus were determined through the performance of cell viability, cell apoptosis, and cell death assays in tympanic membrane (TM) keratinocytes and HEI-OC1 cells treated with V. alginolyticus-conditioned medium using cell-counting kit (CCK)-8 assay, a wound-healing migration assay, Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) flow cytometric analysis, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick-end labeling (TUNEL staining). The results indicated that the identified V. alginolyticus strain exerts cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes and HEI-OC1 cells by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration and inducing apoptosis and cell death. To evaluate the ototoxicity of V. alginolyticus, the cell density and morphological integrity of hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) were analyzed after exposing cochlear organotypic explants to the bacterial supernatant, which revealed the pre-dominant susceptibility and vulnerability of HCs and SGNs in the basal cochlear region to the ototoxic insults exerted by V. alginolyticus. Our investigation highlights the challenges associated with the identification and characteristic analysis of the Vibrio strain isolated in this case and ultimately aims to increase the understanding and awareness of clinicians and microbiologists for the improved diagnosis of V. alginolyticus-associated ear infections and the recognition of its potential otopathogenic and ototoxic effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristic and Otopathogenic Analysis of a Vibrio alginolyticus Strain Responsible for Chronic Otitis Externa in China

et al. 2021

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Vibrio

Farmer

Janda

Brenner

et al. 2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Vib' ri.o . L. v. vibrio move rapidly back and forth, vibrate; M.L. masc. n. Vibrio the vibrating, darting organism. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / “Vibrionales” / Vibrionaceae / Vibrio Small, straight, slightly curved, curved, or comma‐shaped rods , 0.5–0.8 × 1.4–2.6 µm. Involution forms often occur in old cultures and are formed under adverse growth conditions. Do not form endospores or microcysts. Gram negative. In liquid media, motile by monotrichous or multitrichous polar flagella enclosed in a sheath continuous with the outer membrane of the cell wall. On solid media, some species synthesize numerous lateral flagella with a wavelength shorter than that of the sheathed polar flagellum. Facultative anaerobes capable of both fermentative and respiratory metabolism . Molecular oxygen is a universal electron acceptor. Most do not denitrify or fix molecular nitrogen. All are chemoorganotrophs; most are able to grow in a mineral medium containing D ‐glucose as the sole carbon source and NH + as the sole nitrogen source . A few strains have organic growth factor requirements. Na 4 + stimulates growth of all species and is an absolute requirement for most ; the minimal concentration necessary for optimal growth ranges from 5 to 700 mM (0.029–4.1%). Most species grow well in media containing a seawater base. All ferment D ‐glucose producing acid but rarely gas ; several species produce acetoin and acetyl methyl carbinol ( positive Voges–Proskauer test ). Most ferment and utilize D ‐fructose, maltose, and glycerol; are oxidase positive and reduce nitrate to nitrite . Several grow at 4°C; all grow at 20°C; most grow at 30°C; many grow at 35–37°C. A few species are bioluminescent , as are a few strains of normally nonluminescent species. Primarily aquatic ; species distribution is usually dependent on Na + and nutrient content of the water as well as its temperature. Very common in marine and estuarine environments and on the surfaces and in the intestinal contents of marine animals. Species with a low Na + requirement are also found in freshwater habitats. Twelve species occur in human clinical specimens; 11 of these are apparently pathogenic for humans, causing diarrhea or extraintestinal infections. Several species cause diseases of other vertebrates and invertebrates . The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 38–51. Type species : Vibrio cholerae Pacini 1854, 411.

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