Vibrio cholerae and Cholera biotypes

Momba, Maggy Ndombo Benteke; El‐Liethy, Mohamed Azab

doi:10.14321/waterpathogens.28

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(236 reference statements)

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“…The contamination of surface water by V. cholerae could be explained by faecal pollution from the watershed[18]. The absence of V. cholerae at the other sampling sites could be explained by the changes in environmental conditions, in other words V. cholerae would be found in a VNC form and in association with other aquatic organisms[5]. This result corroborates the findings of Djaouda et al[19].…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

“…However, these bacteria can survive for a long time in fresh water in several forms: planktonic, fixed on other organisms or substrates, or in a viable but non-cultivable (VNC) state. However, VNC cells can actively restore their cultivability and infectivity in the aquatic environment when conditions become favorable or in the digestive tract of contaminated humans [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting the Persistence of Cholera Epidemics in Bibémi (North Cameroon)

Djaouda¹,

Wadoubé²,

Bouba³

et al. 2020

IJRASB

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The recurrent cholera outbreaks in north Cameroon suggests the existence of hotspot cholera potential reservoirs including polluted surface waters and groundwater. This study investigated water sources, for contamination with Vibrio cholerae, to highlight their role in disease transmission in the cholera endemic areas of Bibémi (north Cameroon). Risk factors of cholera transmission among households were also assessed. The water quality of 15 water points (1 borehole, 8 wells and 6 surface water points) was assessed through commonly used microbiological tests. Also analysed were physicochemical parameters of the water. Results pointed out unsafe water sources (wells and streams) with total coliforms present in all water samples (13-168 CFU/100mL). However, borehole water was negative for total coliforms (0 CFU/100mL) and was qualified for all domestic uses. The results reported the presence of V. cholerae reservoirs along the mayo-Barka course, a stream which water points digged on the dried-up bed are used as drinking water sources in Bibémi. Wells and borehole were negative to V. cholerae. The physico-chemical characteristics of water varied with sampling points. The pH of the water was acidic for most water points; the lower value of temperature was 28.90 °C and the higher was 31.05 °C. The values of electrical conductivity, TDSs and salinity fluctuated from 136.2 to 1308.0 µS/cm, 68.1 to 652.0 mg/l and 67.8 to 650.0 ppm respectively in the water samples. The mayo-Barka presented the higher level of water mineralization. A survey carried out in the study area showed that the low level of education, poor hygiene, poor management of water sources and the scarcity of sanitation would contribute greatly the appearance and spread of cholera in Bibémi. Considering and improving these risk factors by health authorities would help reduce the incidence of cholera and improve the prevention strategies.

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supporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting the Persistence of Cholera Epidemics in Bibémi (North Cameroon)

Djaouda¹,

Wadoubé²,

Bouba³

et al. 2020

IJRASB

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“…In addition, droppings from free-range and grazing cows were observed at most of our freshwater sampling sites. Animals droppings are major contributors of pathogenic Vibrio spp., e.g., toxigenic V. cholerae into human environments ( Dufour et al, 2013 ; Momba and Azab El-Liethy, 2017 ; Penakalapati et al, 2017 ; Delahoy et al, 2018 ; Munshi et al, 2019 ). As anticipated, sites SR, SKR, PA7, EL5, and EL6 located at estuaries where Vibrio spp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically Important Vibrio spp. in Selected Freshwater and Brackish Water Resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

2021

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Water resources contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio species are usually a source of devastating infection outbreaks that have been a public health concern in both developed and developing countries over the decades. The present study assessed the prevalence of six medically significant Vibrio species in some water resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa for 12 months. We detected vibrios in all the 194 water samples analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater samples was 34, 19, 9, 2, 3, and 2%, and that in brackish water samples was 44, 28, 10, 7, 46, and 51%, respectively. The population of the presumptive Vibrio spp. isolated from freshwater (628) and brackish water (342) samples that were confirmed by PCR was 79% (497/628) and 85% (291/342), respectively. Twenty-two percent of the PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates from freshwater (n = 497) samples and 41% of the PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates from brackish water samples (n = 291) fall among the Vibrio species of interest. The incidences of V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahaemolyticus amidst these Vibrio spp. of interest that were recovered from freshwater samples were 75, 14, 4, 6, 1, and 1%, whereas those from brackish water samples were 24, 7, 3, 3, 47, and 18%, respectively. Our observation during the study suggests pollution as the reason for the unusual isolation of medically important vibrios in winter. Correlation analysis revealed that temperature drives the frequency of isolation, whereas salinity drives the composition of the targeted Vibrio species at our sampling sites. The finding of the study is of public health importance going by the usefulness of the water resources investigated. Although controlling and preventing most of the factors that contribute to the prevalence of medically important bacteria, such as Vibrio species, at the sampling points might be difficult, regular monitoring for creating health risk awareness will go a long way to prevent possible Vibrio-related infection outbreaks at the sampling sites and their immediate environment.

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“…With approximately 2.9 million cases and an estimated 95,000 cholera-associated deaths each year the vast majority of cholera cases are observed on the African continent (Clemens et al, 2017 ). The disease's causing agent is the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae , which belongs to the family of Vibrionaceae , mostly found in aquatic environments (Momba and El-Liethy, 2017 ). V. cholerae comprises more than 200 O serogroups, of which serogroups O1 and O139 strains are pathogenic for the human host (Shimada et al, 1994 ; Momba and El-Liethy, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Vibrio cholerae Isolates From Whole Genome Illumina and Nanopore Sequencing Data: CholerAegon

et al. 2022

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During the last decades, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global public health concern. Nowadays multi-drug resistance is commonly observed in strains of Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera. In order to limit the spread of pathogenic drug-resistant bacteria and to maintain treatment options the analysis of clinical samples and their AMR profiles are essential. Particularly, in low-resource settings a timely analysis of AMR profiles is often impaired due to lengthy culturing procedures for antibiotic susceptibility testing or lack of laboratory capacity. In this study, we explore the applicability of whole genome sequencing for the prediction of AMR profiles of V. cholerae. We developed the pipeline CholerAegon for the in silico prediction of AMR profiles of 82 V. cholerae genomes assembled from long and short sequencing reads. By correlating the predicted profiles with results from phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing we show that the prediction can replace in vitro susceptibility testing for five of seven antibiotics. Because of the relatively low costs, possibility for real-time data analyses, and portability, the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencing platform—especially in light of an upcoming less error-prone technology for the platform—appears to be well suited for pathogen genomic analyses such as the one described here. Together with CholerAegon, it can leverage pathogen genomics to improve disease surveillance and to control further spread of antimicrobial resistance.

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Vibrio cholerae and Cholera biotypes

Cited by 13 publications

References 171 publications

Factors Affecting the Persistence of Cholera Epidemics in Bibémi (North Cameroon)

Factors Affecting the Persistence of Cholera Epidemics in Bibémi (North Cameroon)

Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically Important Vibrio spp. in Selected Freshwater and Brackish Water Resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Prediction of Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Vibrio cholerae Isolates From Whole Genome Illumina and Nanopore Sequencing Data: CholerAegon

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