Vibrio cholerae requires oxidative respiration through the bd-I and cbb3 oxidases for intestinal proliferation

Abstract

Vibrio cholerae respires both aerobically and anaerobically and, while oxygen may be available to it during infection, other terminal electron acceptors are proposed for population expansion during infection. Unlike gastrointestinal pathogens that stimulate significant inflammation leading to elevated levels of oxygen or alternative terminal electron acceptors, V. cholerae infections are not understood to induce a notable inflammatory response. To ascertain the respiration requirements of V. cholerae during infection, we used Multiplex Genome Editing by Natural Transformation (MuGENT) to create V. cholerae strains lacking aerobic or anaerobic respiration. V. cholerae strains lacking aerobic respiration were attenuated in infant mice 105-fold relative to wild type, while strains lacking anaerobic respiration had no colonization defect, contrary to earlier work suggesting a role for anaerobic respiration during infection. Using several approaches, including one we developed for this work termed Comparative Multiplex PCR Amplicon Sequencing (CoMPAS), we determined that the bd-I and cbb3 oxidases are essential for small intestinal colonization of V. cholerae in the infant mouse. The bd-I oxidase was also determined as the primary oxidase during growth outside the host, making V. cholerae the only example of a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen in which a bd-type oxidase is the primary oxidase for energy acquisition inside and outside of a host.

Genome-wide association studies reveal distinct genetic correlates and increased heritability of antimicrobial resistance in Vibrio cholerae under anaerobic conditions

“…is hypoxic/anaerobic, despite animal experiments that suggest aerobic respiration in the upper gastrointestinal tract is important for infection [41,42]. Using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, we found that AMR increased under anaerobic conditions for select antibiotics, and novel genetic targets for AMR were discovered under anaerobic conditions.…”

Vibrio cholerae alkalizes its environment via citrate metabolism to inhibit enteric growth

“…Previous studies have shown that V. cholerae relies on standard carbon metabolism pathways coupled with oxygen respiration in the host, including the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (glycolysis) and Entner-Doudoroff pathways [34][35][36] .…”

“…Carbohydrate metabolism is an essential aspect of V. cholerae pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown that V. cholerae relies on standard carbon metabolism pathways coupled with oxygen respiration in the host, including the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (glycolysis) and Entner-Doudoroff pathways 34–36 . Recent studies demonstrate that pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate lyase, enzymes that facilitate the transition to T.C.A.…”

Respiratory metabolism and quality in postharvest sweet cherries ( Prunus avium L.) in response to high CO 2 treatment

“…However, because of the high respiration rate at their normal harvesting season, sweet cherries deteriorate rapidly, resulting in the loss of flavor, pedicel browning, and decay (Wang & Long, 2014; Yang et al, 2019). Respiration under aerobic or anaerobic conditions supplies energy and substrates to ensure cells to carry out essential metabolism (Van Alst et al, 2022). However, metabolic substrates are consumed during respiration that affect the quality of fruit and vegetables.…”