Vibrio Infections and the Twenty-First Century

Identification of Vibrio metschnikovii and Vibrio injensis Isolated from Leachate Ponds: Characterization of Their Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence-Associated Genes

“…The genus Vibrio belongs to the family Vibrionaceae, which includes a group of bacteria that are natural inhabitants of aquatic environments, including freshwater, estuarine, and marine environments [8]. Several species in this genus can be pathogenic for humans, and Vibrio cholerae is the most widely studied.…”

“…This disease is characterized by clinical symptoms including acute diarrhea, which can affect children and adults and-in the case of severe disease-can be fatal [9]. Infections caused by Vibrio other than Vibrio cholerae are called "vibrioses" [8] and can range Antibiotics 2023, 12, 1571 2 of 13 from mild cases of gastroenteritis to life-threatening conditions such as sepsis and invasive skin and soft tissue infections [10]. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most prevalent species that causes vibriosis associated with the consumption of fish and shellfish [11].…”

“…Even though the Vibrio species are usually susceptible to antibiotics in clinical settings, several studies have reported their resistance [8,[18][19][20][21][22]. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance identified in V. cholerae include efflux pumps, modification of target proteins, and genes involved in the production of enzymes that hydrolyze or modify antibiotics [23].…”