Vicarious traumatization: symptoms and predictors

Abstract

Having to intervene in severe crises or bearing witness to human tragedy, can take its toll on the individual (Erickson, Vande Kemp, Gorsuch, Hoke & Foy, 2001; Lind, 2000; Lugris, 2000). These effects can include severe, debilitating anxiety that persists for months and sometimes even years following the event. Because these people are not directly involved in the event, their distress often goes undetected (Brady, Guy, Poelstra & Brokaw, 1999; Motta, Joseph, Rose, Suozzi & Leiderman, 1997). Support resources for people who are indirectly affected by a traumatic event are limited. To date, a history of previous trauma, previous psychological well‐being, social support, age, gender, educational achievement, socio‐economic status and styles of coping have been highlighted as mediating the effects of indirect exposure to a traumatic incident. Understanding this phenomenon and the mechanisms precipitating such distress is an important step in providing appropriate help for a large number of people indirectly affected by tragic events. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Resilience among doctors who work in challenging areas: a qualitative study

“…26 However, determinants of vicarious traumatisation appear to be multifactorial , and include both attitudinal and contextual matters. 27 The same is probably true of British Journal of General Practice, July 2011 e407…”

Sport coaches’ experiences of athlete injury: the development and regulation of guilt

“…He was a player who moaned at every opportunity, and I mean that in terms of feeling like he was hard-done-by by life as a whole… …he was nowhere near the level that he should have been and, and quite frankly, without sounding really like I'm treading on him, never will be bless him… Eleanor's negative understanding of the player quashed the possibility of experiencing guilt. One's knowledge of the injured individual has been suggested as a pre-trauma factor that can have a meaningful influence on the way the incident is construed by the witness of a traumatic event (Lerias & Byrne, 2003). Moreover, Kubany and Watson (2003) proposed that close physical and personal proximity with the injured individual should increase the probability trauma-related guilt.…”

Aci̇l Servi̇s Çalişanlarinin İki̇nci̇l Travmati̇k Stres Düzeyi̇ Ve Psi̇koloji̇k Dayanikliliği

“…Bu belirtiler, özellikle yardım çalışanlarının kişisel yaşamlarında, toplumsal ilişkilerinde ve mesleki bilgi ve becerilerini kullanmada olumsuz sonuçlarla açığa çıkmaktadır. Lerias ve Byrne (2003), bunları; a) yeniden yaşantılama b) kalıcı kaçınma c) artan kaygı ve uyarılma d) işlevlerde bozulma unsurları etrafında ele almaktadır. İkincil travmatik stresle ilgili değişkenler ise a) önceki travma yaşantısı b) yaşam stresi ve ruh sağlığı c) sosyal destek d) yaş e) cinsiyet f) eğitim ve sosyo-ekonomik düzey f) başa çıkma becerisi olarak belirtmiştir (Lerias ve Byrne, 2003).Yardım çalışanlarının, bireysel ve profesyonel düzeyde işlev kaybına uğrayacak noktaya gelmeden kriz, stres ve travma odağında koruyucu, önleyici ve sağaltıcı müdahalelere duyduğu ihtiyaç, tam da bu belirtiler ve değişkenler (ve bu değişkenlerin birbiriyle ilişkileri) üzerinden ele alınmalı ve bu bağlamda bu gruplara uygun ve kültüre özgü modeller sunulmalıdır (Yılmaz, 2007: 145).…”