Victim and perpetrator perspectives in post World War II contexts: Intergroup forgiveness and historical closure in Europe and East-Asia

Hanke, Katja

doi:10.1037/e508922013-001

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 102 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…According to Hanke (2009) intergroup forgiveness can be described as a dynamic process between the victimized and perpetrating party that involves negotiation and understanding. It is an unfolding and continuous process, in which the perpetrator party provides reasons for the victimized party to consider forgiveness and reconciliation.…”

Section: Intergroup Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historical closure. This scale was constructed for the study using items derived from qualitative interviews (Hanke, 2009). The historical closure scale with six items assesses the degree to which the participants perceive the past as a part of the present and future, as opposed to being unconnected to the present/future.…”

Section: Social Psychological Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Items were derived from qualitative work (Hanke, 2009;Rata et al, 2008) and the literature (Kurasawa, 2007). Items were "Granting forgiveness will put the victimized group into an even more vulnerable position than before", "Granting forgiveness without empowering the victimized group can lead to a loss of identity for the victimized group", "Granting forgiveness is an invitation for crimes to be repeated", "Granting forgiveness means losing sympathy as victims" and "Granting forgiveness will make the perpetrator believe that now everything is alright although nothing is really settled".…”

Section: Perceived Costs Of Granting Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When the past haunts the present: Intergroup forgiveness and historical closure in post World War II societies in Asia and in Europe

Hanke

Liu

Hilton

et al. 2013

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

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Section: Intergroup Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Psychological Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Perceived Costs Of Granting Forgivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

When the past haunts the present: Intergroup forgiveness and historical closure in post World War II societies in Asia and in Europe

Hanke

Liu

Hilton

et al. 2013

International Journal of Intercultural Relations

Self Cite

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“…The burden of Germany's role in World War II and the atrocities committed (e.g., the Holocaust) are a vivid part of German identity (Hein & Selden, 2000). Hence, contemporary Germans are very reluctant to express high levels of identification with their nation (Hanke, 2009).…”

Section: Outlook and Suggestions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adults’ Identity in Acculturation Settings: The Multigroup Ethnic & National Identity Measure (MENI)

2019

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European societies are facing great challenges not only in successfully integrating large numbers of culturally, linguistically, and religiously diverse immigrants structurally (e.g. into schools or the labor market), but also in fostering the construction of new identities and preserving social cohesion. In this context, it is crucial to understand the commitment people feel to a cultural environment and the way in which such commitment develops, particularly in new cultural settings. However, there is a lack of research on identity development among adult immigrants and natives and a lack of suitable measurement instruments. To address this, we adapted the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure-Revised (MEIM-R) for application to immigrant and native adult populations and extended it to measure also national identity. Our aim in the present study was to test the psychometric properties of this new Multigroup Ethnic & National Identity Measure (MENI) in a representative sample (N= 3410) of immigrant and native adults (aged 20-72 years) in a European context, namely Germany. Results based on confirmatory factor analyses support a two-factor structure (commitment and exploration) for MENI and confirm scalar invariance across both the immigrant and native adult populations.

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“…Thematic analysis has been used across various areas of qualitative research into social phenomena, including topics similar to the current investigation such as inter-ethnic relations or experiences of migrants (e.g. Diego-Mendoza, 2010;Hanke, 2009;Livingstone, Spears, & Manstead, 2009;Maydell, 2010). Thematic analysis is used in this work as a technique tool to represent the participants" perceptions and their experiences and thus give an account of their "reality.…”

Section: Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Shared History? The Role of Contextual Factors in the Psychology of Inter-Ethnic Relations in Estonia

Kus¹

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<p>Due to socio-political changes in Estonia in early 1990s, Russians and Estonians exchanged their social status – the previous superior position of minority Russians' was reversed after the restoration of independence in Estonia, while the status of native Estonians changed from underprivileged to privileged. These historical developments have not only affected the adaptation of Russian-speaking minorities, but also impacted on interethnic relations. This thesis investigates the adaptation difficulties of Estonian Russians and the unsettled inter-group relations in Estonia. The first chapter explains the unique features of the Estonian context that underpins the current inter-group situation. Previous research shows that inter-ethnic tensions have not been reconciled in Estonia, and Russian-speaking minorities are deprived in socio-economic areas compared to native Estonians. Relevant psychological theories are discussed in chapter two as a conceptual framework for investigating inter-ethnic relations in Estonia, laying the foundation for further research. In chapter 3, Study 1 introduces a qualitative exploration of both ethnic majority and minority perspectives on adaptation of Russian-speaking minorities and inter-ethnic situation in Estonia, revealing several incompatibilities in perceptions of Estonians and Russians. Different histories were shown to be important for Estonians and Russians. The legitimacy of status relations was claimed by Estonians, but rejected by Russians. Relative deprivation and intergroup comparisons were important sources of dissatisfaction and negative inter-ethnic relations for Russians, while Estonians generally disputed the deprivation of Russians. Estonians perceived threat to the existence of their nationhood, which was absent in Russians' perceptions. In chapter 4, Study 2 examined the impact of contextual intergroup variables on Russians' psychological adaptation and outgroup attitudes. In the final regression model, perceived deprivation relative to Estonians, status non-legitimizing beliefs and temporal comparisons remained significant predictors of low psychological adaptation of Russians and further mediated the effects of identity and history on psychological adaptation. Strong Estonian identity, weak Russian identity and status non-legitimizing beliefs functioned as significant predictors of positive ethnic attitudes. Assimilated Russian participants exhibited the best psychological adaptation and most positive ethnic attitudes, while the poorest adaptation was shown by individuals preferring integration. In chapter 5, Study 3 examined the majority perspective on intercultural relations in Estonia by investigating Estonians' inter-ethnic attitudes and support for affirmative action. Political and economic threat and status legitimizing beliefs played a significant role in mediating the effects of identity and history on ethnic attitudes. Support for affirmative action was predicted by lower perceptions of economic threat, perceived status non-legitimizing beliefs, and importance of Russian history. Estonians preferring Russians' integration or separation showed the most positive ethnic attitudes and the strongest support for affirmative action. Estonians perceiving Russians to be assimilated or integrated had more positive ethnic attitudes and were more supportive of affirmative action in comparison to those perceiving Russians as separated or marginalized. The final chapter consolidates the contextual factors, relevant psychological theories and key findings of this research. It emphasizes the importance of the socio-political and historical context in shaping the results and makes recommendations for future research and considers ways for improvement of ethnic relations in Estonia.</p>

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Victim and perpetrator perspectives in post World War II contexts: Intergroup forgiveness and historical closure in Europe and East-Asia

Cited by 4 publications

References 102 publications

When the past haunts the present: Intergroup forgiveness and historical closure in post World War II societies in Asia and in Europe

When the past haunts the present: Intergroup forgiveness and historical closure in post World War II societies in Asia and in Europe

Adults’ Identity in Acculturation Settings: The Multigroup Ethnic & National Identity Measure (MENI)

Is There a Shared History? The Role of Contextual Factors in the Psychology of Inter-Ethnic Relations in Estonia

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