Victim Precipitation: Why we need to Expand Upon the Theory

Petherick, Wayne

doi:10.15406/frcij.2017.05.00148

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…SEM can also be acquired when a perpetrator actively records or photographs sexually explicit behaviour without a victim's knowledge or awareness. In line with victim precipitation theory (Petherick, 2017), if a victim has themselves generated and stored the SEM, they might be perceived to be responsible for it subsequently being used in an act of revenge porn against them. With origins in the criminal justice system, Schafer's (1968) original conceptualisation of precipitation theory sought to contradict the perception that victims are always seen as good and perpetrators as bad.…”

Section: Self-taken and Stealth-taken Semmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gender differences in videoed accounts of victim blaming for revenge porn for self-taken and stealth-taken sexually explicit images and videos

et al. 2021

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Using video recounts from revenge porn victims, this study explores whether levels of victim blaming differs for the sharing of self- and stealth-taken sexually explicit images and videos. Building on previous work which has demonstrated victim blame for both self- and stealth generated images in occurrences of revenge porn (Zvi & Schechory-Bitton, 2020), the reported study presents an original and ecologically valid methodological approach whereby 342 (76 male, 266 female) participants (Mage = 39.27, SD = 11.70) from the UK watched videoed accounts of real experiences of falling victim to revenge porn, rather than using text based, often fictional, vignettes to attribute blame which dominate studies in this area. All data was collected in 2019. The results demonstrated that significantly more blame was assigned to victims when participants were indirectly rather than directly asked who was to blame for the occurrence of revenge porn, supporting the notion of an unconscious processing bias in attributing blame. More blame was also assigned to those victims who themselves generated the material compared to when it had been acquired without their awareness by a perpetrator, suggesting the cognitive bias to be in line with a just world hypothesis. Male participants were more likely to blame a victim than were female participants, although sex of victim and mode of shared sexually-explicit material (video or image) did not appear to affect levels of victim-blame. Findings are considered in terms of extant research and the need for future work in the area of victim blame and revenge pornography.

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Section: Self-taken and Stealth-taken Semmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gender differences in videoed accounts of victim blaming for revenge porn for self-taken and stealth-taken sexually explicit images and videos

et al. 2021

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“…Finally, von Hentig (1948) postulated that immigrants, "dull normals" and minorities may be victimized as a result of their social location and inability to obtain assistance from the community (Daigle & Muftić, 2019). Thus, while the notion that some victims contribute to their victimization has been critiqued as victim-blaming (see, for example, Petherick, 2017;Cortina et al, 2018), for the purposes of this paper, the inability for certain victims, such as migrant women to seek assistance due to their precarious social location is beneficial for illustrating how mandatory charging policies may serve to perpetuate additional harms onto women who are not Canadian citizens.…”

Section: Von Hentig's Typology Of Victimsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protectionism, Paternalism, and Women’s Agency: Intimate Partner Violence, Mandatory Charging Policies, and the Victim-Offender Overlap

Hoffer

2024

Preprint

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<p>The implementation of mandatory charging policies for intimate partner violence (hereafter, IPV) in Canada in the 1980s significantly limited police officer’s discretion and required that they lay charges in cases where there were “reasonable and probable grounds to believe that an assault has taken place” (Landau, 2000, p. 142). These policies intended to offer victims of IPV some degree of protection from the justice system while signalling to the public the IPV was being taken seriously and addressed as a criminal offence (see, for example, Landau, 2000; Brown, 2002; Garner & Maxwell, 2009; Girard-Brown, 2012). However, scholars have argued that an unanticipated outcome of these policies has been the criminalization of women who have been victimized by their intimate partner, often for self-defence (Busch & Rosenberg, 2004; Hirschel & Buzawa, 2002; Miller & Meloy, 2006; Swan & Snow, 2002), which has a variety of harmful implications for victimized women. Since the implementation of mandatory charging policies, there has been an increase in the number of women who have been arrested for IPV, either solely or in tandem with their partner (Hirschel & Buzawa, 2002; Miller & Meloy, 2006). Correspondingly, scholars have argued that an incident-focussed justice system is ill-equipped to recognize sustained patterns of violence (Grace, 2019). As a result, this paper explores the ways in which mandatory charging policies and the criminalization of victimized women illustrates the justice system’s wide-scale inability to acknowledge patterns of violence or context, and thus how victimized women are being criminalized through these policies. </p>

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“…A victim could be targeted because of ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, gender, or occupation (Magadla & Obioha, 2021). Petherick (2017) puts forth that victims may actively or passively evoke the hostility that leads to their victimization. Passive precipitation is carried out by those who are more powerful than their victims and misuse their power to cause harm and distrust.…”

Section: Victim Precipitation Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“You are reminded that you don’t have power”: The victimization of security guards working in Gauteng, South Africa

Jansen van Rensburg,

Buthelezi,

Nkwana

et al. 2023

IJRBS

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Security guards face victimization in the workplace as well as through the nature of their employment as first responders to criminal activity. Consequently, these risks threaten their job satisfaction, well-being, and turnover rate in the industry. Exacerbating the problem further is the dearth of scientific studies and reliable reports on the victimization of security guards specific to the South African context. Thus, the goal of the study is to explore the victimization of security guards working in Gauteng, South Africa. This paper is informed by 14 qualitative one-on-one interviews with security guards. The narrative accounts provide rich and descriptive data which were thematically analyzed. The findings suggest that security guards experience victimization in terms of their working conditions and crime victimization while on duty. Moreover, the implications of victimization are exposed. Interestingly, a recurring theme throughout the paper is the sense of powerlessness experienced by the participants as substantiated through literature. This paper makes a unique contribution to industry and academia due to the dearth of scientific studies and reports on the victimization of security guards specific to the South African context. Additionally, the paper advocates for working towards sustainable solutions through work engagement, awareness, training, and effective management strategies.

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Victim Precipitation: Why we need to Expand Upon the Theory

Abstract: Perhaps the first reason we have for retaining and expanding upon victim precipitation is that it happens. The degree to which Volume 5 Issue 2-2017

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Gender differences in videoed accounts of victim blaming for revenge porn for self-taken and stealth-taken sexually explicit images and videos

Gender differences in videoed accounts of victim blaming for revenge porn for self-taken and stealth-taken sexually explicit images and videos

Protectionism, Paternalism, and Women’s Agency: Intimate Partner Violence, Mandatory Charging Policies, and the Victim-Offender Overlap

“You are reminded that you don’t have power”: The victimization of security guards working in Gauteng, South Africa

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