Victor Gruen versus Jan Gehl – and the contemporary model of pedestrianization

Decoding Near Synonyms in Pedestrianization Research: A Numerical Analysis and Summative Approach

“…Like the near synonym similarity in previous studies, Janette Sadik-Khan (2017) [30] and Kelly Gregg (2023) [22] believe that Times Square, portions of Broadway in Midtown Manhattan, and numerous pedestrian plazas throughout the borough were transformed into pedestrian malls. While Brownrigg-Gleeson (2023) [31] used it to suggest that such schemes were designed to improve pedestrian safety and create more pedestrian-friendly urban environments, he gave the example of Stroget Street, Copenhagen, in 1962, noting that a positive outcome of pedestrianization is pedestrian prioritization.…”

“…Previously, scholars like Sadik-Khan (2001) [30], Gregg (2023) [22], and Brownrigg-Gleeson (2023) [31] have continued to explore the theme of pedestrianization, particularly in transforming urban spaces like Times Square and Broadway in Manhattan into pedestrianfriendly zones. They highlight the benefits of such schemes in improving pedestrian safety and enhancing the overall urban environment.…”

Revisiting Urban Street Planning and Design Factors to Promote Walking as a Physical Activity for Middle-Class Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome in Cairo, Egypt

“…Walking has been increasingly promoted in recent years, and paradigms to encourage more people to walk to maximize the public health benefits of walking, such as New Urbanism [52,53] and smart growth [33,43,54]. Such trends include pedestrian-friendly streets [42,55,56], pedestrian-friendly environments or spaces [42,57], pedestrian-friendly communities [57] 10-min neighborhoods [58] 15-min cities [59], 20-min neighborhoods [60], x-minute cities [61,62], pedestrian-oriented [62], transit-oriented development [63] complete streets [55,59,64], and a short Perceived Walkability Scale [34,65,66].…”

“…The first classification is pedestrianization, which involves creating a space entirely closed to vehicles, allowing pedestrians to move freely [40,64,81]. The second classification is walkability, which ensures that pedestrians can comfortably, safely, and quickly move between different city activities within specific walking distances, even in the presence of other modes of transportation [10,56].…”

“…Well-planned, well-designed pedestrian spaces create a more vibrant, inclusive, and economically prosperous community. Pedestrianization can be stimulated by increasing the number of stores, services, and companies, which provides an economic boost to the local area and creates job opportunities and wealth in the local economy [40], improving the shopping experience and thus attracting more customers to retailers, leading to increased sales volume; cafes and restaurants generate the highest revenues and enhance the volume of shopping and other commercial activities and ensure the financial viability of retail stores in inner cities that face increasing competition from suburban shopping malls [64].…”