Video analysis of the locomotory behaviour of Aedes aegypti and Ae. japonicus mosquitoes under different temperature regimes in a laboratory setting

Ziegler, R.; Blanckenhorn, Wolf U.; Mathis, Alexander; Verhulst, Niels O.

doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103205

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Our study further documented that biting midges in the field exhibit thermal preferences as well, as they showed a strong preference for traps with warmer microclimate especially at cooler night temperatures (Figure 6). These findings, indicating preferences for warmer temperatures of at least some prominent and abundant mosquito species in Switzerland, seem to contradict previous (laboratory) findings that mosquitoes and biting midges might prefer colder than ambient temperatures in warm surroundings to avoid extreme temperatures (Martin & Huey, 2008;Verhulst et al, 2020;Ziegler et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…Laboratory experiments have also shown that mosquitoes prefer cold and humid over warm and dry microclimates (Kessler & Guerin, 2008), and that they avoided high temperatures (Kirby & Lindsay, 2004;Verhulst et al, 2020;Ziegler et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though insects have the highest survival and developmental rate at their physiological optimum, they seem to prefer lower temperatures (MacLean et al, 2019; Martin & Huey, 2008). For example, both blood‐fed and sugar‐fed Aedes japonicus mosquitoes showed a preference for cooler temperatures when tested in gradients under laboratory conditions, an effect that was not due to a cold trap, as evidenced by video analyses (Verhulst et al, 2020; Ziegler et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal preference of adult mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) at different altitudes in Switzerland

Hug

Stegmayer

Blanckenhorn

et al. 2023

Medical Vet Entomology

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Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are among the most important vectors of human and veterinary pathogens. For modelling the distribution of these pathogens, entomological aspects are essential, which in turn are highly dependent on environmental factors, such as temperature. In this study, mosquitoes and biting midges were sampled in multiple microclimates at two low (360, 480 meters above sea level, m.a.s.l.) and two high (1250, 1530 m.a.s.l.) altitude locations in Switzerland. Sets of various traps (CO2‐baited CDC, LED‐UV, resting boxes, oviposition cups) equipped with dataloggers were placed in transects at five sites with similar vegetation at each location. Only the CDC and the LED‐UV traps collected enough insects for analyses. Taxonomic diversity was greater for mosquitoes but lower for biting midges at lower altitudes. Both mosquitoes and biting midges had a thermal preference. Culicoides preferred the traps with warmer microclimate, especially at lower altitudes, whereas mosquito preferences depended on the species, but not on altitude. Relative humidity had a significant positive impact on catches of biting midges but not mosquitoes. To obtain better data on thermal preferences of resting and ovipositing vectors in addition to host seeking individuals, new and improved collecting methods are needed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal preference of adult mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) at different altitudes in Switzerland

Hug

Stegmayer

Blanckenhorn

et al. 2023

Medical Vet Entomology

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“…The relatively low warming tolerance at the adult life stage, and the large impact of adult lifespan on fitness indicate that behavioral strategies to avoid high temperatures may be critical for mosquito persistence under ongoing warming 49,54 . In laboratory settings, behavioral avoidance of high temperatures (typically >30°C) has been documented in adult Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex spp [55][56][57] . In field settings, the biting activity of several mosquito species was found to shift during warmer months from dusk to late at night, but this was not conclusively linked to temperature 58 .…”

Section: Fitness Per Individualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito thermal tolerance is remarkably constrained across a large climatic range

Couper

Farner

Lyberger

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Whether mosquitoes can adapt apace with rapid climate warming will have a large impact on their future distributions, and consequently those of mosquito-borne diseases, but remains unknown for most species. We investigated the adaptive potential of a wide-ranging mosquito species, Aedessierrensis, by conducting a common garden experiment measuring mosquito fitness and its component life history traits. Although field-collected populations originated from vastly different thermal environments that spanned over 1,200 km, we found that populations varied in maximum fitness, but not in the thermal performance of fitness, with upper thermal limits varying by <1°C across the species range. However, for one life history trait – pupal development rate – we found clear evidence of local thermal adaptation. The upper thermal limits of pupal development rate varied between populations by 1.6°C – five times greater than the average variation in ectotherm upper limits across the same latitudinal extent – and was significantly associated with source temperatures. Despite this evidence of local thermal adaptation, we found that for all populations, temperatures in the source environment already frequently exceed their estimated upper thermal limits, suggesting high vulnerability to additional warming. This was particularly true at the adult life stage, which had the lowest upper thermal limits across traits (31.6°C), the largest impact on mosquito fitness, and occurs during the warmest part of the year. Our results suggest that evolutionary adaptation alone may be insufficient to sustain mosquito populations, and that behavioral thermoregulation and temporary coping strategies are likely important for mosquito persistence under ongoing climate warming.

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“…Because the activity periodization measured by the LAM system matches the flight activity recorded by video tracking realized on Ae. albopictus flight behavior (Wilkinson et al, 2014), and because mosquito walk distance usually do not exceed 20% of total mosquito distance in laboratory experiments (Ziegler et al, 2022), we considered that the recorded activity was mainly due to flight. Two experiments involving 16 parasitized males, 16 parasitized females, 16 unparasitized males and 16 unparasitized females were conducted for 24h in a BSL2 insectary with 18h/6h day/night and 28°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-aided dispersal and population bottlenecks facilitate parasitism escape in the most invasive mosquito species

Girard

Luis

BETTIGNIES

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Human-aided invasion of alien species across the world sometimes leads to economic, health or environmental burdens. During invasion process, species encounter new environments and partially escape some ecological constrains they faced in their native range, while they face new ones. The Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is one of the most iconic invasive species that was introduced in every inhabited continent over a short period of time due to international trade. It has also been shown to be infected by a prevalent and yet disregarded gregarine entomoparasite Ascogregarina taiwanensis. In this study, we aimed at deciphering the global dynamics of As. taiwanensis infection in natural Ae. albopictus populations and we further explored factors shaping its distribution. We showed that Ae. albopictus populations are highly colonized by several As. taiwanesis genotypes but recently introduced ones are escaping the parasite. We further performed experiments to explain such pattern. First, we hypothesized that founder effects (i.e. population establishment by a small number of individuals) may influence the parasite dynamics. This was confirmed since experimental increase in mosquito density improves the parasite horizontal transmission to larvae. Furthermore, Ae. albopictus larvae do not exhibit density dependent prophylaxis to control the parasite meaning that infection is not mitigated when larval density increases. Secondly, we hypothesized that unparasitized mosquitoes were more prompt to found new populations through active flight dispersal. This was, however, unlikely since parasitized mosquitoes tend to be more active than their unparasitized relatives. Finally, we hypothesized that mosquito passive dispersal (i.e. often mediated by human-aided transportation of dried eggs) affects the parasite infectiveness. Our results support this hypothesis since parasite infection decreases over time when dry eggs are stored. This study highlights the importance of global trade on parasitism escape in one of the most invasive vector species on earth.

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Video analysis of the locomotory behaviour of Aedes aegypti and Ae. japonicus mosquitoes under different temperature regimes in a laboratory setting

Cited by 18 publications

References 47 publications

Thermal preference of adult mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) at different altitudes in Switzerland

Thermal preference of adult mosquitoes (Culicidae) and biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) at different altitudes in Switzerland

Mosquito thermal tolerance is remarkably constrained across a large climatic range

Human-aided dispersal and population bottlenecks facilitate parasitism escape in the most invasive mosquito species

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