Video-based Data Hiding by Exploring Prediction Error and Histogram Shifting

Abstract

Information has been crucial in supporting daily activities. Many tasks must be accomplished by transferring not only public but also private information. This situation has brought the necessity for protecting it during transmission. Some mechanisms introduced, like data hiding, are still challenging, considering the quality of the data and the secret size can be protected. This research presents a reversible data hiding method for digital video based on prediction error and histogram shifting to approach those problems. There are six kinds of prediction errors used, three are created from two adjacent frames, and three are from a single frame. The selection of the shift location is determined by the histogram location, which has the highest peak point. The histogram is obtained by calculating the frequency of the subtraction of each value from its predicted value. The PSNR calculated from the stego and the original videos has an average of 73.45 dB. This value demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms the previous research.