Video Elicitation Interviews: A Qualitative Research Method for Investigating Physician-Patient Interactions

Abstract

We describe the concept and method of video elicitation interviews and provide practical guidance for primary care researchers who want to use this qualitative method to investigate physician-patient interactions. During video elicitation interviews, researchers interview patients or physicians about a recent clinical interaction using a video recording of that interaction as an elicitation tool. Video elicitation is useful because it allows researchers to integrate data about the content of physician-patient interactions gained from video recordings with data about participants' associated thoughts, beliefs, and emotions gained from elicitation interviews. This method also facilitates investigation of specifi c events or moments during interactions. Video elicitation interviews are logistically demanding and time consuming, and they should be reserved for research questions that cannot be fully addressed using either standard interviews or video recordings in isolation. As many components of primary care fall into this category, highquality video elicitation interviews can be an important method for understanding and improving physician-patient interactions in primary care. INTRODUCTIONF ace-to-face interactions between physicians and patients are central to primary care and an important focus of primary care research. Video elicitation interviews are one qualitative method for evaluating these interactions. Elicitation interviews use a stimulus, such as photographs 1,2 or written records, 3 to prompt participants to discuss subjects in greater detail than they would during standard interviews. During video elicitation interviews, researchers interview patients or physicians about a recent clinical interaction using a video recording of that interaction as an elicitation tool.This article provides practical guidance for primary care researchers conducting video elicitation interviews. First, we briefl y review existing social science and health care literature on this method. Next, we discuss the key steps for designing and conducting video elicitation interviews and make recommendations to researchers based on our experience conducting a video elicitation study of preventive services in primary care. 4 Finally, we discuss the limitations of this method.We focus on video elicitation interviews as a qualitative method for investigating physician-patient interactions. Researchers also conduct video elicitation interviews as interventions 5,6 and for teaching purposes. [7][8][9] These important applications have many similarities with video elicitation interviews used as research tools, but they have different primary goals and are not the focus of this article. We also focus on interactions involving real physicians and patients rather than studies of students interviewing actors, 10,11 because the content and purpose of real and contrived interactions differ in important ways. 12,13Stephen G. 25 They discovered that physicians and patients typically paused videos at the exact same moments when asked to ...

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