Video game scenery analysis with eye tracking

Almeida, Sheylla Susan Moreira da Silva de; Mealha, Óscar; Veloso, Ana Isabel

doi:10.1016/j.entcom.2015.12.001

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Moreover, similar results were found by Veloso et al (2017), who presented a game-based psychotherapy model where they uncovered that players willingly express their beliefs, thoughts and expressions based on external stimulus. A pleasant sensory experience may lead to feelings of joy and greater engagement in play, which results in an intent to continue playing MOBA games for a prolonged period (Csikszentmihalyi and Csikszentmihalyi, 1992; Almeida et al , 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the playful consumption experience model to uncover behavioral intention to play Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games

Abbasi¹,

Rehman

Fayyaz

et al. 2021

DTA

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PurposePlaying video gaming is one of the most popular forms of leisure activities. This study looks into a specific video game genre, under the category of Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors that lead to the consumption of MOBA games. Three factors, imaginal, emotional and sensory experiences, are investigated through an integration of the hedonic consumption model, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Uses and Gratification Theory (UGT).Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses a sample of 292 MOBA game players using the PLS-SEM model. The study comprises two stages; in the first stage, an estimation model was used to test the constructs' quality and legitimacy. In the second stage, we assessed the theoretical model to test the relationship between the principle constructs.FindingsThe study found that factors related to emotional experiences, namely enjoyment, emotional involvement, and arousal, led to greater intention to play MOBA games. Similarly, two factors related to imaginal experiences, escapism and role projection, also positively impacted while fantasy carried a negative impact. The study also found that sensory experiences had a significant positive impact on the intention to play MOBA games. Lastly, a positive correlation was also found between the intention to use and usage behavior in MOBA games.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the theoretical understanding of the playful-consumption experiences of pleasure-oriented information systems (I.S.) that is MOBA games that derive behavioral intention to play MOBA games, which in turn determines the usage behavior of MOBA players. The study also incorporates the uses and gratification theory to uncover the needs and experiences that trigger MOBA games' behavioral intention and its further impact on gamers' usage behavior. The study also presents useful insights for game developers and other relevant stakeholders in game development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the playful consumption experience model to uncover behavioral intention to play Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games

Abbasi¹,

Rehman

Fayyaz

et al. 2021

DTA

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“…Eye-tracking technology has been widely used in marketing, web design, and brand packaging, and has gradually been applied to improve the interactive experience of games in recent years [21]. For example, the shortcomings of game level design can be found according to the player's gaze hotspot map, and the player's eye movement track is also used to identify the invalid operation in the game [22,23].Peoples' visual information processing mechanism can be divided into top-down and bottom-up [24,25]. Top-down visual attention allocation is usually accompanied by a purpose or task, which is an intrinsic purpose that drives people to selectively pay attention [26].…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Applying Eye-Tracking Technology to Measure Interactive Experience Toward the Navigation Interface of Mobile Games Considering Different Visual Attention Mechanisms

et al. 2019

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As an initial channel for users learning about a mobile game, the interactive experience of the navigation interface will directly affect the first impression of the users on the game and their subsequent behaviors and willingness to use. This study aims to investigate players' visual attention mechanisms of various interactive levels of mobile games' interfaces under free-browsing and task-oriented conditions. Eye-tracking glasses and a questionnaire were used to measure the interactive experience of mobile games. The results show that in the free-browsing condition, the fixation count, saccade count and average saccade amplitude can be used to reflect and predict the interactive experiences of mobile games' navigation interface; while in the task-oriented condition, the fixation count, first fixation duration, dwell time ratio and saccade count can be used to reflect and predict the interactive experience of mobile games' navigation interface. These findings suggest that apart from the different eye movement indicators, players' motivations should also be considered during the process of the games' navigation interface design. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 3242 2 of 15 the traditional measurement methods, such as interviews, questionnaires, and focus groups, are too subjective to reflect players' psychological state and perception process when they are playing [8].Since the intrusiveness of continuous measurements may change the state of the game experience, it is difficult to ensure the authenticity of the results at every moment of the experience and think aloud is a typical intrusive measurement technique [9]. Questionnaires and interviews are helpful for overall feedback after the game experience, but they cannot respond reliably and without loss to events and features that occurred a few minutes ago; making the player review their game video attempts to solve the problem of losing experience information. In this way, the player can think aloud during the review. This technique helps to understand the player's cognitive processing and preferences but it cannot grasp the player's behavior and emotional reactions [10]. A fundamental problem with these linguistic measurement methods is that the emotional experience is not primarily language-based and translating emotional experiences into language requires cognitive effort that may affect measurement.Some scholars have tried to adopt biometric methods to measure players' emotional processing during their playing [11][12][13]. These methods provide designers with players' real-time emotional responses to the game's functionality and design. Moreover, the biometric methods are not invasive and allow the game to be played without disruption. Accordingly, biometric methods, including eye movement, heart rate, blood pressure, facial muscle activity, and brain imaging, are widely used to measure people's emotional responses. In this case, the effectiveness of software interface design can be assessed by monitoring players' physiological activities generated from browsing/u...

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“…Recent findings on a video game conducted by the researchers of the University of Aveiro, Portugal highlight the same problem (Almeida et al, 2016). In one of our previous studies, we tested a Digital Human Modelling (DHM) software application, and we encountered the same problem: the data of the aggregated heatmaps and gaze plots were not interpretable .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Methodological Challenges in Eye-Tracking based Usability Testing of 3-Dimensional Software – Presented via Experiences of Usability Tests of Four 3D Applications

Babicsné-Horváth

Hercegfi

2023

Period. Polytech. Soc. Man. Sci.

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Eye-tracking based usability testing and User Experience (UX) research are widespread in the development processes of various types of software; however, there exist specific difficulties during usability tests of three-dimensional (3D) software. Analysing the screen records with gaze plots, heatmaps of fixations, and statistics of Areas of Interests (AOI), methodological problems occur when the participant wants to rotate, zoom, or move the 3D space. The data gained regarded the menu bar is mainly interpretable; however, the data regarded the 3D environment is hardly so, or not at all. Our research tested four software applications with the aforementioned problem in mind: ViveLab and Jack Digital Human Modelling (DHM) and ArchiCAD and CATIA Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. Our original goal was twofold. Firstly, with these usability tests, we aimed to identify issues in the software. Secondly, we tested the utility of a new methodology which was included in the tests. This paper summarizes the results on the methodology based on individual experiments with different software applications. One of the main ideas behind the methodology adopted is to tell the participants (during certain subtasks of the tests) not to move the 3D space while they perform the given tasks at a certain point in the usability test. During the experiments, we applied a Tobii eye-tracking device, and after the task completion, each participant was interviewed. Based on these experiences, the methodology appears to be both useful and applicable, and its visualisation techniques for one or more participants are interpretable.

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Video game scenery analysis with eye tracking

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Using the playful consumption experience model to uncover behavioral intention to play Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games

Using the playful consumption experience model to uncover behavioral intention to play Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) games

Applying Eye-Tracking Technology to Measure Interactive Experience Toward the Navigation Interface of Mobile Games Considering Different Visual Attention Mechanisms

Methodological Challenges in Eye-Tracking based Usability Testing of 3-Dimensional Software – Presented via Experiences of Usability Tests of Four 3D Applications

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