Objectives: To determine the compliance rate among hockey players with concussion or other head injuries who were advised by a physician about return to play. To assess compliance of hockey players with return to play advice and to assess the incidence of long-term post-concussion symptoms. Methods: A retrospective chart review, telephone questionnaire and follow-up analysis of income, level of education and professional aspirations. The study examined 40 hockey players with concussion or other head injury treated at a neurosurgical ambulatory clinic, who had initial visits between 1995 and 2003, and had been seen at least two years prior to completing the questionnaire. Results: There was a 58% (23 of 40) participation rate in the study. Fifteen (65%) of the 23 participants were advised to never return to play, and 5 (33%) were non-compliant and returned to play. Four (80%) of the five noncompliant players continued to suffer from post concussion symptoms. Overall, 15 (65%) of the 23 players participating in the study continued to suffer post concussion symptoms at least two years after the clinic visit. Conclusions: Five (33%) of 15 hockey players advised to never return to play were non-compliant and returned to play, and four continued to suffer from post concussion symptoms two or more years later. After repeated concussions, 65% of hockey players had long-term sequelae that prevented return to play and produced long-term post-concussion symptoms. Des symptomes post-commotion cerebrale ont persiste au moins deux ans apres leur visite a la clinique chez 4 de ces 5 joueurs (80%). Au total, des symptomes post-commotion cerebrale ont persiste chez 15 des 23 joueurs (65%) qui ont participe a l'etude. Conclusions : Cinq des 15 joueurs de hockey (33%) a qui on avait recommande de ne jamais retourner au jeu n'ont pas observe cette recommandation et sont retournes au jeu et 4 d'entre eux ont continue a presenter des symptomes post-commotion cerebrale 2 ans ou plus apres l'evenement. Apres plusieurs commotions cerebrales, 65% des joueurs de hockey presentaient des sequelles a long terme qui les empechaient de retourner au jeu et qui causaient des symptomes post-commotion cerebrale.