“…After obtaining the lesion regions, researchers often define the color, texture, or shape features to characterize the disease state of each sample. Gaikwad and coworkers applied K-means to segment the lesion regions in the wheat leaf images and extracted the color features, such as color histogram (Stricker, 1994), color moments (Poonam and Jadhav, 2015), and the texture features [e.g., gray-Level co-occurrence matrix [GLCM] (Gadelmawla, 2004)] to construct a support-vector machine (SVM) model for the classification of wheat diseases (Gaikwad and Musande, 2017). Ali et al (2017) applied Delta E ( E) segmentation to process the leave images of diseased potatoes and extract color and texture features based on red, green, and blue (RGB), hue, saturation, value (HSV), and local binary patterns (LBP) to implement the classification of early blight and late blight (Ismail et al, 2020).…”