Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate

The International Handbook of the Demography of Race and Ethnicity

“…Maintenance of the vision of Indonesia's founders to maintain 'Unity Vietnam is a nation-state located in Southeastern Asia, sharing borders with Cambodia and Laos to the west, China to the north, the Gulf of Tonkin to the east, and the South China Sea to the south (see Fig. Soon after, the US government provided economic and military support to South Vietnam and this sparked what would become commonly remembered to Americans as "the Vietnam War" or "the Vietnam Confl ict"; to Vietnamese, this confl ict is commonly referred to as the "Second Indochina War" (Hirschman et al 1995 ). It spans more than 331,210 sq.…”

“…Casualty estimates for how many Vietnamese citizens died due to US military intervention range broadly. All of these numbers, however, tower the offi cial number of American soldiers and marines who reportedly died due to war-related injuries which amounts to 56,000(Hirschman et al 1995 ). All of these numbers, however, tower the offi cial number of American soldiers and marines who reportedly died due to war-related injuries which amounts to 56,000(Hirschman et al 1995 ).…”

Weaving Women's Spheres in Vietnam

“…Vietnamese war dead who lost their lives during the so-called American War, estimated at one million, suggests that innumerable "ghosts of war" still haunt the country in both a figurative and a literal sense (Hirschman, Preston, & Vu 1995; see also Kwon 2006;Gustaffson 2009). While the official state commemoration of war dead glorifies the deceased soldiers' contribution to the national cause of reunification and independence, it does not resolve the most pressing concern for the bereaved: the fate of the war martyrs' souls (Malarney 2001).…”

Military Service, Exposure to Trauma, and Health in Older Adulthood: An Analysis of Northern Vietnamese Survivors of the Vietnam War

“…25 However, survey research conducted in Vietnam indicated that recall errors related to wartime experiences were minimized because they were significant in the life course and served as markers for recalling details of other life events. 10 Much published research associating wartime trauma exposure with later-life health similarly relied on subjective reports collected decades after the conflict. 26,27 Our focus on major, decisive past events was consistent with research practice and should shield our data from excessive recall biases.…”