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Vietnam has emerged as a notable middle power, lauded for its growing influence in Southeast Asia and robust engagement on the global stage. Various political science scholars, seasoned diplomats, and media commentators attribute Vietnam’s rise to its firm commitment to principles of independence and non-interference, combined with a dynamic approach to multilateralism. However, this chapter posits that Vietnam’s diplomatic achievements are not solely a product of its bamboo diplomacy. Instead, the nation’s journey to becoming a regional middle power is significantly influenced by the opportunity it has to exploit a nexus of factors: the geographical proximity to influential states, the historical heritage underpinning its international relationships, and the ability to leverage developments in today’s fractured global environment. Drawing on social welfare theories and the notion of power asymmetry in international relations, the chapter further argues that bamboo diplomacy’s inherent instability renders it unsustainable in the long term. To counter this intrinsic vulnerability, Vietnam, or any state pursuing this multipolar diplomacy approach, must maintain a delicate equilibrium, marked by astute negotiation and strategic concessions. The chapter contends that the viability of this diplomatic approach depends greatly on the stances of pivotal partners, especially those with significant geopolitical and geoeconomic influence, who are willing to engage with or consent to “satisficing” resolutions within the intricate sphere of global diplomacy.
Vietnam has emerged as a notable middle power, lauded for its growing influence in Southeast Asia and robust engagement on the global stage. Various political science scholars, seasoned diplomats, and media commentators attribute Vietnam’s rise to its firm commitment to principles of independence and non-interference, combined with a dynamic approach to multilateralism. However, this chapter posits that Vietnam’s diplomatic achievements are not solely a product of its bamboo diplomacy. Instead, the nation’s journey to becoming a regional middle power is significantly influenced by the opportunity it has to exploit a nexus of factors: the geographical proximity to influential states, the historical heritage underpinning its international relationships, and the ability to leverage developments in today’s fractured global environment. Drawing on social welfare theories and the notion of power asymmetry in international relations, the chapter further argues that bamboo diplomacy’s inherent instability renders it unsustainable in the long term. To counter this intrinsic vulnerability, Vietnam, or any state pursuing this multipolar diplomacy approach, must maintain a delicate equilibrium, marked by astute negotiation and strategic concessions. The chapter contends that the viability of this diplomatic approach depends greatly on the stances of pivotal partners, especially those with significant geopolitical and geoeconomic influence, who are willing to engage with or consent to “satisficing” resolutions within the intricate sphere of global diplomacy.
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