Viewing condition dependence of the gaze-evoked nystagmus in Arnold Chiari type 1 malformation

Ghasia, Fatema F.; Gulati, Deepak; Westbrook, Edward L.; Shaikh, Aasef G.

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2014.01.045

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Typically there is an eye-in-orbit orientation, called null position where the nystagmus is minimal. Such null position is typically in straight-ahead orientation, but occasionally when eccentric it leads to compensatory head turning in the direction opposite of the null [2,16]. …”

Section: Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occasionally, the null position is eccentric in the presence of asymmetric compression of the brainstem; the shift of the null position is in the direction of more severe compression [16]. Figure 2 depicts an example of a brain MRI from a patient with Type 1 Chiari malformation with asymmetric brainstem compression.…”

Section: Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Panel B also illustrates reversal of drift directions on two sides of the null. This figure was adopted (with permission) from Ghasia, et al, 2014 [16]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The malformation is shown in sagittal (A) and axial (B) sections. This figure was adopted (with permission) from Ghasia, et al, 2014 [16]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuro-ophthalmology of type 1 Chiari malformation

Shaikh

Ghasia

2015

Expert Review of Ophthalmology

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Chiari malformation is a congenital deformity leading to herniation of cerebellar tonsils. Headache is a typical symptom of this condition, but patients with Chiari malformation often present with double vision and vertigo. Examination of eye movements in such patients often reveals nystagmus and strabismus. Eye movement deficits in the context of typical symptomatic presentation are critical clinical markers for the diagnosis of Chiari malformation. We will review eye movement deficits that seen in patients with type 1 Chiari malformation. We will then discuss the underlying pathophysiology and therapeutic options for such deficits.

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Section: Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuro-ophthalmology of type 1 Chiari malformation

Shaikh

Ghasia

2015

Expert Review of Ophthalmology

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“…Even finer distinctions can be made between the effects of lesions in small but adjacent structures within the cerebellum, for example, the flocculus versus the paraflocculus (tonsil) [18,19,26,27,29,51,52]. While not as well localized within the cerebellum, certain patterns of ocular misalignment strongly suggest cerebellar dysfunction (e.g., horizontal (eso, convergent) deviations of the eyes for distance viewing and vertical misalignment that alternates sense (which eye is higher) depending on right versus left gaze) [20,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59].…”

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confidence: 99%

Eye Movement Research in the Twenty-First Century—a Window to the Brain, Mind, and More

Shaikh

Zee

2017

Cerebellum

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The study of eye movements not only addresses debilitating neuro-ophthalmological problems but has become an essential tool of basic neuroscience research. Eye movements are a classic way to evaluate brain function-traditionally in disorders affecting the brainstem and cerebellum. Abnormalities of eye movements have localizing value and help narrow the differential diagnosis of complex neurological problems. More recently, using sophisticated behavioral paradigms, measurement of eye movements has also been applied to disorders of the thalamus, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex. Moreover, in contemporary neuroscience, eye movements play a key role in understanding cognition, behavior, and disorders of the mind. Examples include applications to higher-level decision-making processes as in neuroeconomics and psychiatric and cognitive disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Eye movements have become valued as objective biomarkers to monitor the natural progression of disease and the effects of therapies. As specific genetic defects are identified for many neurological disorders, ocular motor function often becomes the cornerstone of phenotypic classification and differential diagnosis. Here, we introduce other important applications of eye movement research, including understanding movement disorders affecting the head and limbs. We also emphasize the need to develop standardized test batteries for eye movements of all types including the vestibulo-ocular responses. The evaluation and treatment of patients with cerebellar ataxia are particularly amenable to such an approach.Keywords Saccade . Vestibulo-ocular reflex . Pursuit Eye movements are critical for the survival of any animal that sees. Promptly bringing an image to the fovea of an object that suddenly intrudes into one's periphery, and then keeping the image stable on the fovea, allows the cognitive brain to analyze the visual scene in a tenth of a second. In this way, it can generate an immediate, and sometimes life or death, decision whether to flee, fight, embrace, or just do nothing. Neural correlates of eye movements are found in almost every corner of the brain, helping to provide the most reliable information from our visual systems for all aspects of behavior.Using eye movements to understand human disease extends back to at least the mid-nineteenth century when early reports of strabismus [1][2][3][4][5] and nystagmus [4,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] appeared. Nevertheless, in the years following, for almost another century, the literature on eye movements was meager. In the mid1940s, however, the number of publications on nystagmus and strabismus began to grow (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/?term = nystagmus, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pubmed/?term = strabismus), and in the mid-1960s, there was another growth spurt with more studies reporting various types of dysfunction of eye movements in conditions affecting the brainstem or cerebellum. Topics such as adaptive control of eye movements and the central role of normal and

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Nystagmus in Pediatric Age Group: Clinical Features and Management

Ghasia

2016

Practical Management of Pediatric Ocular Disorders and Strabismus

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Viewing condition dependence of the gaze-evoked nystagmus in Arnold Chiari type 1 malformation

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Neuro-ophthalmology of type 1 Chiari malformation

Neuro-ophthalmology of type 1 Chiari malformation

Eye Movement Research in the Twenty-First Century—a Window to the Brain, Mind, and More

Nystagmus in Pediatric Age Group: Clinical Features and Management

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