Empirical research on the effects of pornography consumption (also known as “sexually explicit content”) often reveals significant associations between increased exposure and outcomes such as sexist attitudes, sexual violence perpetration, and risky sexual behaviors. These relationships, however, are often explained by the influence of other factors, such as unique personality traits, previous experiences, and demographic variables. The empirical literature on the effects of pornography consumption is substantial. Generalizing the findings to simple conclusions is, however, difficult. Studies conducted on the topic are inconsistent in their conceptualization and measurement of pornography and often ignore or neglect the specific content of the pornography consumed. Much as in the case of other media content, the effects of pornography consumption are dependent upon the individual and not all consumers are affected the same way. Some consumers experience positive outcomes (sexual satisfaction, increase in relationship quality), others experience negative outcomes (sexist attitudes, risky sexual behaviors).