Vigilance all the way down: Vigilance decrement in jumping spiders resembles that of humans

Melrose, Amber; Nelson, Ximena J.; Dolev, Yinnon; Helton, William S.

doi:10.1177/1747021818798743

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Possibly, spiders habituated quickly to the regular (every 2 min) predator risk stimulus as they also reduced foraging intensity with increasing experience. Response decrement is prevalent in jumping spiders (Humphrey et al 2018, Melrose et al 2019, Nelson et al 2019), but since individuals probably got hungrier over the test phases (three days without food during the first test, nine days during the last test), the response decrement might have been dampened.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in risk‐taking affect foraging across different landscapes of fear

Steinhoff

Warfen

Voigt

et al. 2020

Oikos

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One of the strongest determinants of behavioural variation is the tradeoff between resource gain and safety. Although classical theory predicts optimal foraging under risk, empirical studies report large unexplained variation in behaviour. Intrinsic individual differences in risk‐taking behaviour might contribute to this variation. By repeatedly exposing individuals of a small mesopredator to different experimental landscapes of risks and resources, we tested 1) whether individuals adjust their foraging behaviour according to predictions of the general tradeoff between energy gain and predation avoidance and 2) whether individuals differ consistently and predictably from each other in how they solve this tradeoff. Wild‐caught individuals (n = 42) of the jumping spider Marpissa muscosa, were subjected to repeated release and open‐field tests to quantify among‐individual variation in boldness and activity. Subsequently, individuals were tested in four foraging tests that differed in risk level (white/dark background colour) and risk variation (constant risk/variable risk simulated by bird dummy overflights) and contained inaccessible but visually perceivable food patches. When exposed to a white background, individuals reduced some aspects of movement and foraging intensity, suggesting that the degree of camouflage serves as a proxy of perceived risk in these predators. Short pulses of acute predation risk, simulated by bird overflights, had only small effects on aspects of foraging behaviour. Notably, a significant part of variation in foraging was due to among‐individual differences across risk landscapes that are linked to consistent individual variation in activity, forming a behavioural syndrome. Our results demonstrate the importance of among‐individual differences in behaviour of animals that forage under different levels of perceived risk. Since these differences likely affect food‐web dynamics and have fitness consequences, future studies should explore the mechanisms that maintain the observed variation in natural populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in risk‐taking affect foraging across different landscapes of fear

Steinhoff

Warfen

Voigt

et al. 2020

Oikos

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“…Each test consisted of 80 stimulus trials per salticid. Stimuli were presented randomly on either the left or right screen, as there is no side bias in responses [2].…”

Section: Data Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The applicator with the spider attached was then suspended within the testing apparatus by a crocodile clip. The spider was given a 17 mm crosshair marked polystyrene ball (weight 150 mg) to hold, which is easily held by these spiders [2]. Within the rig, 10 mm underneath the polystyrene ball was a small concave 'cup' which served to catch the ball in case the spider dropped the ball.…”

Section: Data Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine affects the vigilance decrement of Trite planiceps jumping spiders (Salticidae).

Humphrey¹,

Helton²,

Nelson

2019

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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In jumping spiders (Salticidae), the vigilance decrement, or decrease in response to a repeated visual stimulus over time, directly parallels that found in humans. Explanations for the vigilance decrement in the human literature are heavily mentalistic and central nervous system (CNS)-based, whereas response decrements in invertebrates are typically thought of as habituation at the sensory periphery. Here we explored whether the salticid vigilance decrement could be CNS-modulated by using caffeine, which is a well-known CNS stimulant for both vertebrates and invertebrates. We used paired tests in which Trite planiceps Simon spiders were randomly given either a drop of caffeinated water or distilled water and were then shown dot stimuli presented on monitors. We measured both general 'walking', or activity, as a control for physical fatigue, and optomotor responses to the stimuli. We found that the vigilance decrement was significantly shallower (i.e., spiders were more responsive for longer) when spiders were administered caffeine compared with water; furthermore, these spiders were also generally more active throughout the testing period and thus were not physically impaired. Our results suggest that, in at least in some invertebrates, CNS modulation of the vigilance decrement is likely.

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“…More generally, it is likely that terrestrial animals, including humans, have evolved the capacity for a complete behavioral shutdown for maximal recovery during sleep, which limits their facility for sustained vigilance-that is, these animals suffer vigilance decrements. This idea is supported by recent evidence showing that jumping spiders exhibit nearly identical vigilance decrements as humans (Humphrey, Helton, Bedoya, Dolev, & Nelson, 2018;Melrose, Nelson, Dolev, & Helton, 2018). However, aquatic mammals such as dolphins have evolved the capacity for being awake continuously (i.e., via unihemispheric sleep) so that they do not drown, which allows them to achieve a state of continual vigilance-that is, these animals do not suffer the vigilance decrement (Ridgway et al, 2006(Ridgway et al, , 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Computational Modeling of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Vigilance Decrement

et al. 2019

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Objective: We developed a computational model of the effects of sleep deprivation on the vigilance decrement by employing the methods of system dynamics modeling. Background: Situations that require sustained attention for a prolonged duration can cause a decline in cognitive performance, the so-called vigilance decrement. One factor that should influence the vigilance decrement is fatigue in the form of sleep deprivation. Method: We employed the methods of system dynamics modeling (numerical-integration techniques for modeling complex feedback systems) to create a computational model of the vigilance decrement. We then simulated the computational effects of sleep deprivation on the behavior of that model, using empirical data obtained from the literature for calibrating such effects. Results: Sleep deprivation of 2 hr over a 14-day period should produce an additional decline of 9% in detection performance over that found with the typical vigilance decrement, whereas 4 hr of sleep deprivation over 14 days should produce an additional decline of 14% in detection performance. Conclusion: With respect to dual-process theory, it is through its deleterious effects on analytical cognition that sleep deprivation should impact the vigilance decrement. Application: Such computational modeling may be advantageous for human-machine teaming by theoretically allowing a future autonomous software agent to anticipate the decline of human performance and compensate accordingly.

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Vigilance all the way down: Vigilance decrement in jumping spiders resembles that of humans

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Individual differences in risk‐taking affect foraging across different landscapes of fear

Individual differences in risk‐taking affect foraging across different landscapes of fear

Caffeine affects the vigilance decrement of Trite planiceps jumping spiders (Salticidae).

Computational Modeling of the Effects of Sleep Deprivation on the Vigilance Decrement

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