Vigilance Tasks: Unpleasant, Mentally Demanding, and Stressful Even When Time Flies

Dillard, Michael; Warm, Joel S.; Funke, Gregory J.; Nelson, W. Todd; Finomore, Victor; McClernon, Christopher K.; Eggemeier, F. Thomas; Tripp, Lloyd D.; Funke, Matthew E.

doi:10.1177/0018720818796015

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…For example, Galy et al (2012) showed that individuals' performance and mental efficiency were poorer when both task difficulty and time pressures were high and when their alertness was low. Furthermore, other studies have found that cognitive load not only impairs our performance but is also distressing (Dillard et al, 2019).…”

Section: Theoretical Underpinnings Of Mjdsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…However, no job demands occur in a vacuum but are typically inter-linked and additive (see e.g., Galy et al, 2012;Sweller, 1988). This may be particularly true regarding MJDs as such demands typically tax the same psychophysiological systems, e.g., short-and long-term memory, hence also causing cognitive load (e.g., Dillard et al, 2019;Sweller, 1988). Despite this systemic similarity, different cognitive load factors can be distinguished.…”

Section: Theoretical Underpinnings Of Mjdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, CLT suggests that heavy mental workload requires the individual to allocate extra (mental) resources, which, in turn, impairs information processing efficiency and performance, and can also be distressing and mentally draining (e.g., Dillard et al, 2019;Sweller, 1988). Moreover, cognitive load factors can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic (Sweller, 1988).…”

Section: Theoretical Underpinnings Of Mjdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profiling a Spectrum of Mental Job Demands and their Linkages to Employee Outcomes

Mauno

Minkkinen

2020

jpor

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Substance abuse, conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are all known risk factors for developing aggressive behaviors, criminality, other psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders (SUD). Since early age of onset is important for aggravating the impact of several of these risk factors, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether young adult violent offenders with different patterns of early onset externalizing problems (here: substance use < age 15, ADHD, CD) had resulted in different criminality profiles, substance use problem profiles and psychiatric comorbidity in young adult age. A mixed-method approach was used, combining a variable-oriented approach (with Kruskal Wallis tests) and a person-oriented approach (with Configural frequency analysis). Overall, this combined approach indicated that persons with combined ADHD+CD and persons with CD + early onset of substance use had a more varied history of violent crimes, a more comprehensive history of aggressive behaviors in general, and more psychiatric comorbidity, as well as more varied SUD and destructive substance abuse in adult age, than persons without ADHD, CD or early SU. Results are in line with previous variable-oriented research, but also indicate that individuals in this group with heavy problem aggregation early in life have a wider spectrum of problems in young adult age. Importantly, among these young violent offenders, problem aggregation was the overwhelming norm, and not the exception, as in studies of the general population. This emphasizes the need for early coordinated interventions, but also that treatment within correctional facilities in adult age needs to be comprehensive and take individual patterns of comorbidity into account.

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Section: Theoretical Underpinnings Of Mjdsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Theoretical Underpinnings Of Mjdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Underpinnings Of Mjdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profiling a Spectrum of Mental Job Demands and their Linkages to Employee Outcomes

Mauno

Minkkinen

2020

jpor

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“…Participants were instructed to assume the role of an air traffic controller and monitor simulated radar stimuli for the occurrence of potential collision events between two remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). The task was adapted from Hitchcock et al (2003), with the visual display replicating conditions from Dillard et al (2019). As seen in Figure 1, the display consisted of a solid red circle enclosed by a white border, surrounded by three concentric white circles, and two gray lines representing RPA flight paths.…”

Section: Vigilance Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance, Hemodynamics, and Stress in a Two-Day Vigilance Task: Practical and Theoretical Implications

et al. 2021

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Objective To explore vigilance task performance, cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), workload, and stress in a within-subjects, two-session experiment. Background Vigilance, or sustained attention, tasks are often characterized by a decline in operator performance and CBFV with time on task, and high workload and stress. Though performance is known to improve with practice, past research has not included measures of CBFV, stress, and workload in a within-subjects multi-session design, which may also provide insight into ongoing theoretical debate. Method Participants performed a vigilance task on two separate occasions. Performance, CBFV, workload, and self-reported stress were measured. Results Within each session, results were consistent with the vigilance profile found in prior research. Across sessions, performance improved but the time on task decrement remained. Mean CBFV and workload ratings did not differ between sessions, but participants reported significantly less distress, worry, and engagement after session two compared to one. Conclusion Though practice may not disrupt the standard vigilance profile, it may serve to improve overall performance and reduce stress. However, repeated exposure may have negative implications for engagement and mind-wandering. Application It is important to better understand the relationship between experience, performance, physiological response, and self-reported stress and workload in vigilance because real-world environments often require operators to do the same task over many occasions. While performance improvement and reduced distress is an encouraging result, the decline in engagement requires further research. Results across sessions fail to provide support to the mind-wandering theory of vigilance.

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“…Many vigilance experiments have been conducted in dimly lit laboratories (Dillard et al, 2019, Epling et al, 2019Funke et al, 2012;Greenlee et al, 2016;Neubauer et al, 2013;Smith et al, 2021), and this could impact participant alertness or arousal. Exposure to light plays an important role in circadian rhythm regulation through the suppression of melatonin -the hormone responsible for inducing sleep (Lehrl et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

If You’re Happy and You Know it Stay Alert: The Effects of Lighting on Vigilance Performance and Affective State

Monroe

Smith

2021

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Vigilance, or sustained attention tasks involve detecting critical signals, embedded amid more frequent neutral signals, over an extended period of time. A decline in performance, engagement, and arousal over time, as well as high workload and stress, are common outcomes of such tasks. Exposure to broad-spectrum or short wavelength bright light has been found to positively impact alertness, speed of information processing, and mood, but has not been extensively explored in the vigilance domain. The present study explored whether a light therapy lamp could mitigate the negative vigilance outcomes found in both performance and affective state. Results indicated that the therapy light did not prevent a decline in detection of critical signals over time, nor significantly impact workload, sleepiness, or subjective stress state compared to a dim light condition. However, mood questionnaire results suggest that lighting may impact separate constructs of arousal and tiredness, warranting further research.

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Vigilance Tasks: Unpleasant, Mentally Demanding, and Stressful Even When Time Flies

Abstract: These costs must be considered at the operational level.

Cited by 16 publications

References 58 publications

Profiling a Spectrum of Mental Job Demands and their Linkages to Employee Outcomes

Profiling a Spectrum of Mental Job Demands and their Linkages to Employee Outcomes

Performance, Hemodynamics, and Stress in a Two-Day Vigilance Task: Practical and Theoretical Implications

If You’re Happy and You Know it Stay Alert: The Effects of Lighting on Vigilance Performance and Affective State

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