Village Characteristics Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Postconflict Liberia

Rockers, Peter C.; Kruk, Margaret E; Saydee, Geetor; Varpilah, S. Tornorlah; Galea, Sandro

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181df5fae

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Given difficulties in retrospective assessment of developmental timing of traumas, PTSD symptoms, and diagnoses of medical conditions in cross-sectional studies, as well as covariation of PTSD with exposure to multiple traumas, prospective studies are needed to disentangle the unique relations between trauma exposures and specific medical conditions, and to determine the extent to which full and partial PTSD may account for these associations (3). Finally, because risk for PTSD may differ by race/ethnicity (83), and contextual factors such as neighborhood characteristics and unstable family structures may also be related to risk for both PTSD and medical conditions (84-86), additional research is needed to evaluate how these factors may influence associations between trauma exposure, PTSD status, and comorbid medical conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Comorbidity of Full and Partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in US Adults

Pietrzak

Goldstein

Southwick

et al. 2011

Psychosomatic Medicine

152

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Objective This study examined associations between lifetime trauma exposures, PTSD and partial PTSD, and past-year medical conditions in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Methods Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 34,653 participants in the Wave 2 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic regression analyses evaluated associations of trauma exposure, PTSD and partial PTSD with respondent-reported medical diagnoses. Results After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbid Axis I and II disorders, respondents with full PTSD were more likely than traumatized respondents without full or partial PTSD (comparison group) to report diagnoses of diabetes mellitus, noncirrhotic liver disease, angina pectoris, tachycardia, hypercholesterolemia, other heart disease, stomach ulcer, HIV seropositivity, gastritis, and arthritis (odds ratios [ORs]=1.2-2.5). Respondents with partial PTSD were more likely than the comparison group to report past-year diagnoses of stomach ulcer, angina pectoris, tachycardia, and arthritis (ORs=1.3-1.6). Men with full and partial PTSD were more likely than controls to report diagnoses of hypertension (both ORs=1.6), and both men and women with PTSD (ORs=1.8 and 1.6, respectively), and men with partial PTSD (OR=2.0) were more likely to report gastritis. Total number of lifetime traumatic event types was associated with many assessed medical conditions (ORs=1.04-1.16), reducing the magnitudes and rendering non-significant some of the associations between PTSD status and medical conditions. Conclusions Greater lifetime trauma exposure and PTSD are associated with numerous medical conditions, many of which are stress-related and chronic, in U.S. adults. Partial PTSD is associated with intermediate odds of some of these conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Comorbidity of Full and Partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in US Adults

Pietrzak

Goldstein

Southwick

et al. 2011

Psychosomatic Medicine

152

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“…17 This variable has been shown to be highly correlated with persistent psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in multiple settings, including Liberia. 18,19 To assess the extent to which health system functioning and perceptions of the new health system affected usage of both informal and formal health care, 2 types of measures were included. First, satisfaction with and "buy-in" to the new health system were assessed using the questions: "Overall, how satisfied are you with the health care system in Liberia?"…”

Section: Independent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kruk

Rockers²,

Varpilah³

et al. 2011

Medical Care

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“…poverty) which have not conventionally been defined as traumatic experiences (e.g. Patel and Kleinman 2003, Kithakye et al 2010, Rockers et al 2010. Initial reduction in this pool of items involved the removal of all redundant items.…”

Section: Inventory Itemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a history of inadequate parenting) which are likely to be chronic in terms of both their nature and effects. Second, there is a growing body of evidence which suggests that traumatic outcomes may arise as a consequence of chronic or repeated exposure to social and/or structural violence, including poverty, displacement, endemic social violence, war, and/or political terrorism (Patel and Kleinman 2003, Qouta, Punamäki and Sarraj 2003, Kawachi and Subramanian 2006, Shields, Nadasen and Pierce 2008, Kithakye et al 2010, Klasen et al 2010, Rockers et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and preliminary validation of a screen for interpersonal childhood trauma experiences among school-going youth in Durban, South Africa

Collings¹,

Penning²

2013

Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health

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This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of the Developmental Trauma Inventory (DTI), which is a 36-item, retrospective, self-administered screen for interpersonal childhood trauma experiences developed specifically for the South African context. Preliminary validation of the inventory was conducted using a sample of 720 school-going adolescents attending a high school in the Durban Metropolitan area (South Africa). Factor analysis produced the best fit for a 10-factor model (emotional abuse, community assault, domestic assault, poverty, witnessing community violence, witnessing domestic violence, indecent assault, domestic neglect, rape, and domestic injury). Contrary to expectations, items relating to loss and separation (e.g. death of a parent) did not produce a clear factor structure. Identified scales had good internal consistency (0.70 to 0.81), low factor inter-correlations, and high concurrent criterion-related validity in the sense that all scales were significantly correlated with scores on clinical measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or complex PTSD. These findings provide preliminary support for the utility of DTI in the South African context.

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Village Characteristics Associated With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Postconflict Liberia

Abstract: Characteristics of communities, as well as of individuals, may be important determinants of posttraumatic stress in low-income countries, such as Liberia, that are recovering from conflict.

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Medical Comorbidity of Full and Partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in US Adults

Medical Comorbidity of Full and Partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in US Adults

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Development and preliminary validation of a screen for interpersonal childhood trauma experiences among school-going youth in Durban, South Africa

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