Vimentin Antibodies: A Non-HLA Antibody as a Potential Risk Factor in Renal Transplantation

Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Cardiac Transplantation: Emerging Knowledge in Diagnosis and Management

“…These antibodies bind endothelium and result in apoptosis but not in complement-mediated lysis. 1,[62][63][64][65] Perhaps the most well described non-HLA antibodies are anti-endothelial cell antibodies, which have been implicated in acute humoral rejection, CAV, and poor graft survival in heart transplantation. [66][67][68] Production of anti-endothelial cell antibodies appears to be stimulated by cytomegalovirus infection, increasing 1 to 4 weeks after detection of cytomegalovirus DNA.…”

“…Vimentin, a well-described autoantigen, is the most abundant immunoreactive endothelial cell antigen. 62,69 A type III intermediate filament cytoskeletal protein, it is elaborated by damaged endothelial cells, proliferating smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and leukocytes. One-and 2-year anti-vimentin titers predict the development of CAV.…”

Biomarkers Role in Prognosis and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Renal Tumors: Review Article

“…Finally, vimentin, which is a type III intermediate filament that is expressed in normal mesenchymal cells and helps provide resistance to stress [27]. In addition to renal tubular and renal stromal cells, Vimentin expression is recognized in broad scope of other cell types including Sertoli cell, trophoblasts, giant cells, pancreatic cells, endothelial cells, fibroblast, macrophages, neutrophils, leukocytes and mesangial cells [28,29]. Overexpression of vimentin has been detected in prostate cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and malignant melanoma.…”

Metallothionein immunoreactivity profile in B-cell lymphomas of the palatine tonsils

“…In adults, vimentin expression is reduced and is mainly observed in connective tissue mesenchymal cells in the CNS and in muscles [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Vimentin is expressed in a wide variety of cells, including trophoblastic giant cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, neutrophils, and leukocytes [11,28].…”