Vinculaciones diacrónicas. Resignificando el patrimonio arquitectónico para la regeneración urbana de la Granada central

Abstract

Los ámbitos centrales de ciudades como Granada están sometidos a fuertes presiones del mercado turístico y sufren la amenaza constante de la gentrificación. La pérdida de carácter de su espacio urbano. Para contrarrestar esto, el urbanismo necesita aprovechar las potencialidades que posee la ciudad histórica, máxime en contextos como el español, donde los instrumentos y las políticas adecuadas de regeneración urbana vienen resultando insuficientes, principalmente desde la crisis de la segunda década del siglo XXI, agravada por la pandemia de la Covid19. Por ello, creemos obligada la optimización de sus recursos turísticos, dándole al patrimonio el papel urbano de activación y dinamización que es capaz de asumir. La investigación trabaja el potencial estratégico del patrimonio arquitectónico para la regeneración urbana integral, desde una perspectiva espacial, funcional y paisajística. Se parte de un conjunto de claves que disciplinar e internacionalmente se vienen poniendo en marcha en las últimas décadas para la interpretación y puesta en valor de la “ciudad-patrimonio”, consideraciones que buscan orientar la vinculación de esta arquitectura catalogada entre sí y con su entorno espacial: el turismo urbano, espacio público central como lugar flexible y compartido, los efectos de la gentrificación, la paseabilidad, etc. Situados en Granada, se analiza el vaciamiento poblacional de su centro, la estandarización y pérdida de calidad de su espacio público, su evidente tematización y la falta de perspectiva integral del planeamiento desarrollado, para plantear la configuración de vinculaciones diacrónicas, reflejo de la evolución de la ciudad a través del tiempo, mediante una aproximación cartográfica, un análisis funcional y una caracterización patrimonial que prioriza los entornos. Se propone así un instrumento de evaluación-diagnóstico que añade nuevos significados a la dimensión patrimonial e intensifica su rol urbano, formulando una propuesta de secuencias, cuya topología es orientada por el juego relacional entre forma urbana, topografía, realidad social y funcional, y paisaje urbano. Se concluye con una sistematización de atributos multidimensionales del patrimonio en la secuencia elegida que posibilite impulsar estrategias futuras de regeneración urbana, superando así la lógica aislada y estática de la visión cataloguista para adentrarse en una re-significación dinámica y relacional.

Beyond Multidimensional Vulnerability Approach: A Triple Network Notion for Urban Cohesion in At-Risk Neighborhoods of Jaen’s Historic Center

“…In this two-way relationship, the material with which urbanism can specifically work is public space, taking advantage of its capacity to accommodate various uses and its adaptability over time [67]. Even more so in historical fabrics, the main challenge for the future of public space will be to establish a correct balance of its spatial, social, and functional dimensions, in relation to its emerging dynamics -positive and negative-, achieving the necessary coexistence and diversity [68,69]. It would be about emphasizing those values, qualities or specificities that urban design possesses and about documenting its profound base in a reticulated social and cultural landscape.…”

Beyond Multidimensional Vulnerability Approach: A Triple Network Notion for Urban Cohesion in At-Risk Neighborhoods of Jaen’s Historic Center

“…This idea would be incorporated, as the competition winner, into the city's overall urban planning, which would go into effect in 2016. The goal of the 'Parkway' project, which was incorporated into the urban plan, was to highlight the original position and challenges of the urban, natural environment, and infrastructural fabrics and areas that required an urban solution, as well as the solutions produced [59]. These projects tried to transform the growing number of abandoned lots in the historic complex of Jaén into public spaces born, according to the project, 'of citizen participation, self-management, institutional-neighborhood co-responsibility, creativity, respect, imagination and social innovation' [58].…”

“…In this two-way relationship, the material with which urbanism can specifically work is the public spaces, taking advantage of its capacity to accommodate various uses and its adaptability over time [65]. Even more so in relation to the historical fabrics, the main challenge for the future of the public spaces will be to establish a correct balance in its spatial, social, and functional dimensions, in relation to its emerging dynamics-positive and negative-achieving the necessary coexistence and diversity [66,67]. It would be about emphasizing those values, The interdependence between social and economic vulnerability is a consensus in the revised theoretical framework, even though the resolution of its social problems cannot be deduced from the mere economic growth of an area [13].…”

“…The situation of the central high-rise neighborhoods of Jaén was analyzed according to social, residential, urban, and economic aspects, starting from the vulnerability factors that were defined in various studies [16,[18][19][20]56,74,75] and from the data collected from the Urban Vulnerability Observatory (Catalog of Vulnerable Neighborhoods), and, particularly, from the Atlas of Urban Vulnerability 2001-2011 [59] (Figures 7 and 8).…”

“…The situation of the central high-rise neighborhoods of Jaén was analyzed according to social, residential, urban, and economic aspects, starting from the vulnerability factors that were defined in various studies [16,[18][19][20]56,74,75] and from the data collected from the Urban Vulnerability Observatory (Catalog of Vulnerable Neighborhoods), and, particularly, from the Atlas of Urban Vulnerability 2001-2011 [59] (Figures 7 and 8). Vulnerability in these areas is always multidimensional, based on the following four basic axes [18]: sociodemographic vulnerability, socioeconomic vulnerability, residential vulnerability, and subjective vulnerability.…”