Vínculo materno-fetal. Implicaciones en el desarrollo psicológico y propuesta de intervención en Atención Temprana

Abstract

Diversas investigaciones en el campo de la salud identifican el vínculo materno-fetal como un precedente significativo de la vinculación post-natal entre la madre y su bebé. El vínculo materno-fetal se asocia con aspectos emocionales y cognitivos que permiten recrear al feto como otro ser humano. Este vínculo se expresa, a través de prácticas de salud dirigidas a buscar la protección y el bienestar del feto. Por otra parte se constata que el estado psicológico de la madre influye en el feto, tanto a nivel neurocomportamental y en las alteraciones en el desarrollo que se manifiestan así mismo en el periodo post-natal, afectando significativamente la relación madre-bebé. Por tanto cabe proponer que las prácticas de atención temprana se extiendan al periodo prenatal como estrategia de prevención, repercutiendo favorablemente en la salud materno-infantil. Para ello se plantea un modelo de intervención interdisciplinar, centrado en el vínculo materno-fetal como factor protector del vínculo en el período post-parto y como potenciador de prácticas de parentalidad positiva que fomente un desarrollo psicológico saludable.Palabras Clave: Vínculo Materno-fetal; Atención Temprana; Embarazo; Desarrollo Psicológico.Health research has identified maternal-foetal bonding as a significant antecedent of post-natal bonding between mother and baby. Maternal-foetal bonding is associated with the emotional and cognitive aspects that allow the foetus to be recreated as another human being. This bond is expressed in health practices aimed at the protection and welfare of the foetus. It has been observed that the psychological state of the mother affects the foetus at the neurobehavioral level and influences the appearance of developmental disorders that also manifest in the post-natal period, thereby significantly affecting the mother-baby relationship. Thus, early intervention practices could be extended to the prenatal period as a prevention strategy to favourably impact the health of the child and mother. To address this issue, we present an interdisciplinary intervention model, which focuses on maternal-foetal bonding as a protective factor for bonding during the postnatal period, and as an enhancer of positive parenting practices that promote healthy psychological development.

Diagnósticos de Enfermagem de mães encarceradas

“…Inevitably, there will be a breakdown in the breastfeeding process and, consequently, an interruption in this important sensory interaction between mother and baby. Our data agree with the literature in that this bond, (which precedes the very conception), grows during gestation and is established in the puerperium, being considered as responsible for awakening the sense of belonging in the child, (which is a valuable reference to structure the personality) (8) . Law 11.942 (May 28, 2009) ensures minimum conditions for assistance to women in the prenatal and postpartum periods, establishing that female penal institutions must have a nursery for prisoners to care for and breastfeed their children at least until 6 months of age.…”

Early Childhood Care in Spain before the Lockdown

“…Dimension 4: Enhancing Early Intervention. This includes articles that consider it necessary to broaden the field of action of ECC in two directions: first, towards the prison environment [43], since, although the permanence of the children of prisoners with them until they are three years old is undoubtedly beneficial for the bond of attachment, at the same time it makes them a population of children at risk as a result of the characteristics of the environment about their overall development, and second, possible developmental difficulties in the prenatal period [44], since the maternal-foetal bond occurs before attachment after birth.…”

“…From the professional point of view, the following factors stand out as negative: lack of training [34] (García et al, 2018), lack of intersectoral coordination (Martínez and Calet, 2015) [39], and the need for instruments to perceive the family as an active part (Escorcia et al, 2016) [41]. Furthermore, there is the possibility of extending ECC to two risk groups: children of female prisoners (López-Castro and Buceta-Cancela, 2015) [43] and the consideration of the prenatal period (Roncallo et al, 2014) [44].…”

Positive parenting in Spain: introduction to the special issue

“…The second section encompasses four articles focusing on new perspectives and innovative programmes in the field of positive parenting. Article 4, entitled 'Promotion of child development and health from the perinatal period: an approach from positive parenting' (Roncallo, Barreto & Sánchez de Miguel), offers a comprehensive overview of current knowledge in an emerging field known as prenatal and perinatal positive parenting (Glover & Capron, 2017;Roncallo, Sánchez de Miguel, & Arranz Freijo, 2014). Advances in the study of intrauterine development shed light on key concepts such as fetal programming, which analyzes the impact of family variables such as stress and exposure to neurotoxins, etc.…”