Vinegar Intake Reduces Body Weight, Body Fat Mass, and Serum Triglyceride Levels in Obese Japanese Subjects

Kondo, Tomoo; Kishi, Mikiya; Fushimi, Takashi; Ugajin, Shinobu; Kaga, Takayuki

doi:10.1271/bbb.90231

Cited by 204 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The chronic postprandial hyperinsulinemia resulted in hyperphagia, obesity, and insulin resistance [51]. These findings are in contrast with studies that observed vinegar (rich in acetate) to have a beneficial effect on satiety, body composition, and glucose homeostasis in humans [52,53]. In summary, SCFAs regulate intestinal and hepatic gluconeogenesis.…”

Section: Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 92%

The intestinal microbiota, energy balance, and malnutrition: emphasis on the role of short-chain fatty acids

Fluitman

Clercq

Keijser

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism

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Introduction: Malnutrition refers to both over-and undernutrition and results from a disruption in energy balance. It affects one in three people worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The intestinal microbiota represents a newly identified factor that might contribute to the development of malnutrition, as it harbors traits that complement the human metabolic and endocrine capabilities, thereby influencing energy balance. Areas covered: In the current review, we aim to give a comprehensive overview on the microbiota, its development and its possible influence on energy balance, with emphasis the role of short-chain fatty acids. We also consider microbial characteristics associated with obesity and undernutrition and evaluate microbial manipulating strategies. The PubMed database was searched using the terms:

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Section: Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 92%

The intestinal microbiota, energy balance, and malnutrition: emphasis on the role of short-chain fatty acids

Fluitman

Clercq

Keijser

et al. 2017

Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism

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“…The effect of orally delivered SCFA on appetite A number of studies investigating the effects of orally ingested SCFA, in particular acetate (delivered as vinegar) (35)(36)(37)(38) and propionate (delivered as sodium (Na) propionate) (39)(40)(41) , on subsequent satiety have been published (Table 1). These studies will be reviewed below.…”

Section: The Scfa Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

2011

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The recently discovered SCFA-activated G-coupled protein receptors FFA receptor 2 and FFA receptor 3 are co-localised in L-cells with the anorexigenic 'ileal brake' gut hormone peptide YY, and also in adipocytes, with activation stimulating leptin release. Thus, SCFA such as acetate and propionate show promise as a candidate to increase satiety-enhancing properties of food. We therefore postulate SCFA may have a role in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. SCFA can be delivered either directly within food, or indirectly via the colon by the provision of fermentable non-digestible carbohydrates. A review of studies investigating the effects of oral SCFA ingestion on appetite suggests that while oral SCFA ingestion is associated with enhanced satiety, this may be explained by product palatability rather than a physiological effect of SCFA. Colon-derived SCFA generated during microfloral fermentation have also been suggested to explain satiety-enhancing properties of non-digestible carbohydrates. However, findings are mixed from investigations into the effects of the prebiotic inulintype fructans on appetite. Overall, data presented in this review do not support a role for SCFA in appetite regulation.Acetate: Propionate: Acetic acid: Propionic acid: SCFA: Inulin: Oligofructose: Satiety Human subjects are living in an increasingly 'obesogenic' environment with easily accessed, energy dense foods and sedentary lifestyles. These 'obesogenic' factors can override homeostatic systems resulting in a gradual increase in the population body weight (BW) (1) . The need for strategies to prevent the rise in obesity is therefore becoming increasingly urgent. One strategy is to identify and develop foods that enhance satiety, thereby reducing subsequent energy intake (EI) (2,3) .SCFA have been suggested to have satiety-enhancing properties, with some researchers suggesting SCFA may explain the inverse association between dietary fibre intake and BW found in some observational studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) . This review considers the evidence for SCFA having a role in appetite regulation, starting first with the description of SCFA, followed by a discussion of the SCFA-activated receptors FFA receptor 2 (FFA2) and FFA receptor 3 (FFA3), which provide a rationale that SCFA may have a role in energy homeostasis. Finally, studies that have investigated the effects of orally and colonically delivered SCFA on appetite are reviewed. SCFASCFA are organic fatty acids generated in the colon when non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) such as dietary fibre, resistant starch and inulin resist digestion and absorption in the small intestine, instead proceeding to the colon to undergo bacterial fermentation. The SCFA formed comprise between one and seven carbon units, with acetate (two carbon units) being the most predominant anion in the colon, followed by propionate (three carbon units) and then Abbreviations: AUC, area under curve; BW, body weight; DP, degree of polymerisation; EI, energy intake; GLP-1, glucago...

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“…Vinegar is a food ingredient produced via the alcoholic and acetic fermentations of its carbohydrate origins. Traditionally, it has been used as a seasoning, a preservative, and an ingredient for condiments [15]. Vinegar has been reported to possess various bioactivities, including anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, anti-insulin resistance, and anti-tumour effects [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary coconut water vinegar for improvement of obesity-associated inflammation in high-fat-diet-treated mice

Mohamad

Yeap

Kỳ

et al. 2017

Food & Nutrition Research

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Obesity has become a serious health problem worldwide. Various types of healthy food, including vinegar, have been proposed to manage obesity. However, different types of vinegar may have different bioactivities. This study was performed to evaluate the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects of coconut water vinegar on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Changes in the gut microbiota of the mice were also evaluated. To induce obesity, C57/BL mice were continuously fed an HFD for 33 weeks. Coconut water vinegar (0.08 and 2 ml/kg body weight) was fed to the obese mice from early in week 24 to the end of week 33. Changes in the body weight, fat-pad weight, serum lipid profile, expression of adipogenesis-related genes and adipokines in the fat pad, expression of inflammatory-related genes, and nitric oxide levels in the livers of the untreated and coconut water vinegar-treated mice were evaluated. Faecal samples from the untreated and coconut water vinegar-treated mice (2 ml/kg body weight) were subjected to 16S metagenomic analysis to compare their gut microbiota. The oral intake of coconut water vinegar significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the body weight, fat-pad weight, and serum lipid profile of the HFD-induced obese mice in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed up-regulation of adiponectin and down-regulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, retinol-binding protein-4, and resistin expression. The coconut water vinegar also reduced HFD-induced inflammation by down-regulating nuclear factor-κB and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, which consequently reduced the nitric oxide level in the liver. Alterations in the gut microbiota due to an increase in the populations of the Bacteroides and Akkermansia genera by the coconut water vinegar may have helped to overcome the obesity and inflammation caused by the HFD. These results provide valuable insights into coconut water vinegar as a potential food ingredient with anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects.

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Vinegar Intake Reduces Body Weight, Body Fat Mass, and Serum Triglyceride Levels in Obese Japanese Subjects

Cited by 204 publications

References 26 publications

The intestinal microbiota, energy balance, and malnutrition: emphasis on the role of short-chain fatty acids

The intestinal microbiota, energy balance, and malnutrition: emphasis on the role of short-chain fatty acids

Do SCFA have a role in appetite regulation?

Dietary coconut water vinegar for improvement of obesity-associated inflammation in high-fat-diet-treated mice

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