Vineyard Management and Physicochemical Parameters of Soil Affect Native Trichoderma Populations, Sources of Biocontrol Agents against Phaeoacremonium minimum

Abstract

Native strains of Trichoderma in vineyard soil represent an opportunity for reducing the incidence of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in vineyards. Moreover, its relationship with the environment (physicochemical soil characteristics and farming management practices) remains unclear. In the current study, a survey was carried out on farming management used by viticulturists, and soil samples were studied to analyze their physicochemical properties and to isolate Trichoderma strains. Later, statistical analyses were performed to identify possible correlations between Trichoderma populations, soil management and soil characteristics. In addition, in vitro tests, including antibiosis and mycoparasitism, were performed to select those Trichoderma strains able to antagonize Phaeoacremonium minimum. In this study a positive correlation was found between the iron content and pH in the soil, and a lower pH increases Trichoderma populations in soils. Vineyard management also affects Trichoderma populations in the soil, negatively in the case of fertilization and tillage and positively in the case of herbicide spraying. Two Trichoderma native strains were selected as potential biocontrol agents (Trichoderma gamsii T065 and Trichoderma harzianum T087) using antibiosis and mycoparasitism as mechanisms of action. These results led to the conclusion that native Trichoderma strains hold great potential as biological control agents and as producers of secondary metabolites.

Trichoderma carraovejensis: a new species from vineyard ecosystem with biocontrol abilities against grapevine trunk disease pathogens and ecological adaptation

“…Trichoderma carraovejensis colonizes the entire Petri dish during this 31-day period, stopping the growth of D. seriata. Inhibition values of P. minimum were slightly higher than those shown in other studies carried out at higher temperatures (Carro-Huerga et al, 2023), which could guarantee a higher efficacy of T. carraovejensis under field conditions during the pruning season against this grapevine pathogen. In the case of P. chlamydospora, although the percentage of inhibition was low, Figure 7 shows how T. carraovejensis was able to colonize the entire plate and even overgrew the pathogen.…”

“…The four Trichoderma strains used for morphological comparison purposes were as follows: T. lentiforme CBS 100542, Trichoderma atrobrunneum CECT 20730, Trichoderma guizhouense CECT 20731, and Trichoderma harzianum sensu stricto , which have been deposited at LDPEV under accession number ULET87 (University of Leoín, Spain). This strain (ULET87) was isolated from vineyard soils in Castilla y León region, and it has been assayed against Phaeoacremonium minimum during an in-vitro test with a significant percentage of biocontrol ( Carro-Huerga et al., 2023 ).…”

Microbiota Ecosystem Services in Vineyards and Wine: A Review

“…This biocontrol is provided by species such as Lysobacter capsici (AZ78), Trichoderma spp. [193][194][195][196][197], and Aureobasidium pullulans [198][199][200]. The use of these microorganisms instead of chemical fungicides helps in the production of certified organic wines [201,202].…”

Conservation Tillage in Medicinal Plant Cultivation in China: What, Why, and How

“…In agricultural soil, bacteria, archaea, and fungi do not share a common response to land management change [138]. In Spain, the vineyard tillage inhibited the diseaseresistant Trichoderma populations in the soil [139], which makes us wonder whether NT would boost beneficial fungi to attain the disease-suppressive soil [140]. In the south of West Siberia, half of the identified OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were Ascomycota [13], and the phyla Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota, and Glomeromycota showed tillage-related differential abundance.…”