Vinyl Chloride Polymers

Allsopp, M. W.; Vianello, Giovanni

doi:10.1002/0471440264.pst386

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Currently, 80% of the global PVC production is by suspension polymerization in a batch-wise stainless steel reactor . Vinyl chloride monomer is dispersed into small droplets in a continuously stirred aqueous phase, consisting of demineralized water, suspending agents (protective colloids) and a buffer salt. , The polymerization is started in monomer phase by the addition of an oil-soluble initiator. Thermally decomposing initiator molecules create PVC chains that precipitate inside VCM phase at relatively short chain lengths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-PVC Grain Morphology: A Review

Darvishi

Esfahany

Bagheri

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Among the properties required for producing PVC resin of good quality, the particle morphology (size, primary particles, agglomerates, skins, pores, etc.) plays an important role in processing and performance of products. Three main physical transitions are involved in self-structuring the grains of suspension PVC: nucleation, aggregation and growth. All of these processes are affected by many physical transitions and chemical phenomena that are inter-related and many are complex functions of polymerization conditions (i.e., agitation, temperature, stabilizers, etc.). Because of this multiscale complexity, the relationships between suspension polymerization conditions and morphology have yet to be well-understood. In spite of all these difficulties, a literature survey of the available research nevertheless provides a comprehensive and descriptive insight into mechanisms governing PVC particle formation accounting for the effect of the process variables.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S-PVC Grain Morphology: A Review

Darvishi

Esfahany

Bagheri

2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…However, at lower viscosities, droplet coalescence increases, resulting in multicellular particle structures. [3,7,32,33] There are numerous equations describing the functional dependence of mean droplet diameter in liquid-liquid dispersions on the specific agitation power (kW/m 3 ) and concentration of the suspending agents. [15,34] Regarding the final mean particle diameter in SPVC reactors, several correlations have been reported in the open literature.…”

Section: Control Of Grain Morphology In Spvc Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, at lower viscosities, droplet coalescence increases, resulting in multicellular particle structures. [ 3,7,32,33 ]…”

Section: Control Of Grain Morphology In Spvc Reactorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the prediction of suspension viscosity, grain morphology, and agitation power in SPVC reactors

Kiparissides

Pladis

2021

Can J Chem Eng

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The role of primary and secondary stabilizers in the suspension polymerization of VCM and their effect on grain morphology (i.e., particle size distribution, grain porosity, and bulk density) is critically discussed. Using the modified Mooney equation, the time‐varying viscosity of the suspension in an SPVC reactor is calculated in terms of the volume fraction of the dispersed monomer/polymer phase, the ratio of the viscosity of the dispersed phase over the viscosity of the continuous aqueous phase, and the maximum packing volume fraction of SPVC grains. A population balance equation is numerically solved to calculate the dynamic evolution of particle size distribution (PSD) in an industrial batch suspension VCM polymerization reactor. A porosity model is postulated to calculate the dynamic evolution of the PVC grain porosity with respect to monomer conversion and the extent of primary particle fusion. Finally, the underlying theory regarding the calculation of the required agitation power in SPVC reactors is detailed. It is shown that the time‐varying viscosity of the suspension can be calculated and the PVC grain morphology (i.e., extent of particle agglomeration) can be accessed via the on‐line estimation of the effective volume fraction of the dispersed phase using on‐line power agitation measurements obtained from an industrial‐scale SPVC reactor.

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“…PVC has been known from its inception as a polymer with remarkable resistance to degradation [60]. Thermal and photodegradation processes are widely recognized for their role in the weathering processes found with PVC [61,62]. The recalcitrant feature of polyvinyl chloride resistance to biodegradation becomes a matter of environmental concern across the all processes extending from manufacturing to waste disposal.…”

Section: Polyvinyl Chloridementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Degradation of Polymers in the Environment

Glaser¹

2019

Plastics in the Environment

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Polymers present to modern society remarkable performance characteristics desired by a wide range of consumers but the fate of polymers in the environment has become a massive management problem. Polymer applications offer molecular structures attractive to product engineers desirous of prolonged lifetime properties. These characteristics also figure prominently in the environmental lifetimes of polymers or plastics. Recently, reports of microbial degradation of polymeric materials offer new emerging technological opportunities to modify the enormous pollution threat incurred through use of polymers/plastics. A significant literature exists from which developmental directions for possible biological technologies can be discerned. Each report of microbial mediated degradation of polymers must be characterized in detail to provide the database from which a new technology developed. Part of the development must address the kinetics of the degradation process and find new approaches to enhance the rate of degradation. The understanding of the interaction of biotic and abiotic degradation is implicit to the technology development effort.

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Vinyl Chloride Polymers

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

S-PVC Grain Morphology: A Review

S-PVC Grain Morphology: A Review

On the prediction of suspension viscosity, grain morphology, and agitation power in SPVC reactors

Biological Degradation of Polymers in the Environment

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