Violated expectancies: Cause and function of exploration, fear, and aggression

Kampen, Hendrik S. Van

doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2014.05.005

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Wants inherently include some kind of internal but potentially unconscious expectation of a desired future state resulting from behaviour (Toates, ; van Kampen, ; “goal” in Figure ). The mismatch between this expectation and the actual outcome of a behaviour can be used as the input of a feedback system (Carver, ; Rudebeck & Murray, ; Silvetti et al., ; Wechsler, ).…”

Section: How Does Behavioural Computation Work? I: Conceptual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wanting, liking and welfare: The role of affective states in proximate control of behaviour in vertebrates

Gygax

2017

Ethology

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Animals choose a course of action countless times each day. To do so, they need to prioritise their behaviour within a set of alternative actions and decide which of these actions to perform at any one time and for how long, that is, determine when the behaviour has reached its desired effect. This process has classically been called the proximate behavioural control mechanism. Several aspects contribute to this process: internal and external stimuli, the emotions that they elicit, motivation (wants), behavioural goals, valuation, decision‐making and its modulation by mood, and the assessment of behavioural outcomes (liking). I will address all these aspects in the form of an integrated conceptual model. In the process of behavioural control, options need to be valued, and I will refer to evidence showing that an affective hedonic process in respect to (future) reward and punishment heavily affects this value. Moreover, I view motivation, the force that finally drives a specific behavioural output, as being primarily influenced by affective states or even corresponding fully to them. Given the feedback in behavioural control by (dis‐)liking outcomes of behaviour, I reason that in respect to welfare it is more important for animals to reach proximate goals than to avoid negative stimuli. All behavioural choices are modulated, and I show how mood, a long‐term affective state, can cause such modulation. Proximate control of behaviour takes place in the brain, and I will briefly discuss how current and future brain research may elucidate how the brain computes these processes. Furthermore, the inclusion of affective states in the conceptual model raises the question of the subjective experience of animals, and I will address some of the important open questions in this area of research. I will conclude that neural studies cannot currently provide a detailed and general theory on the algorithms of proximate behavioural control. In parallel to further developing these approaches, I propose to strengthen a refined ethological approach with a focus on the states of “wanting” and “liking” in ecologically meaningful circumstances and with a strong ontogenetic (within species) and comparative (between species) component. I consider this ethological approach to be a highly promising step in understanding proximate behavioural control.

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Section: How Does Behavioural Computation Work? I: Conceptual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wanting, liking and welfare: The role of affective states in proximate control of behaviour in vertebrates

Gygax

2017

Ethology

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“…При появлении отрицательного стимула (в данном слу-чае человека) животное выбирает одну из двух стратегий поведения, которые позволяют избежать его действия, -вытеснение его из своей среды (агрессия) или избегание (страх) (van Kampen, 2015). В поведении одних и тех же лисиц в ходе одного и того же тестирования паттерны агрессивного поведения иногда чередуются с проявлением трусости.…”

Section: изменение поведения в ходе отбора на агрессивностьunclassified

On selection of foxes for enhanced aggressiveness and its correlated implications

Trut¹,

Kharlamova²,

Vladimirova³

et al. 2017

Vestn. VOGiS

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“…Aggressiveness is however an important component of coordinated adaptive response to challenges presented by the environment (Van Kampen, 2015) and different nuclei of the hypothalamus play a critical role in this response (Kruk, 2014). Administration of orexin A has been reported to elicit dose-dependent complex changes in mouse maternal behaviour, including, at high doses, reduction of maternal behaviour and aggression (D'Anna and Gammie, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orexin/hypocretin receptor gene (HCRTR1) variation is associated with aggressive behaviour

et al. 2019

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Highlights• Orexins are involved in the regulation of stress response • The HCRTR1 rs2271933 G>A genotype was associated with aggressiveness • A/A homozygotes were more aggressive and relapsed to drunk driving • A-allele carriers were more frequently involved in traffic accidents• The genotype effect is sensitive to stressful life events AbstractOrexins, alternatively called hypocretins, are neuropeptides with crucial role in maintaining wakefulness. The orexin system is thought to mediate a coordinated defense response but thus far investigated from the flight, but never fight, response perspective. An HCRTR1 gene variant (rs2271933 G > A) leading to amino acid substitution (Ile408Val) has been associated with migraine and mood disorders. We genotyped, and assessed aggressive behaviour in both birth cohorts (n=655 and 583) of the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (ECPBHS). Measures of aggressiveness were collected at age 25 or 33 and data on stressful life events (SLE-s) at age 15. Violations of traffic law were monitored in the samples of the Estonian Psychobiological Study of Traffic Behaviour. In both birth cohorts of the ECPBHS, the HCRTR1 the A/A homozygotes reported higher aggression in both Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire and the Life History of Aggression Interview. With either measure of aggressiveness, the HCRTR1 genotype effect was dependent on experience of SLE, the highest level of aggressiveness increase by environment being found in female A/A homozygotes. The HCRTR1 A/A homozygotes scored higher in the ANGER facet of the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale, while such an effect on FEAR was found only in females. Male HCRTR1 A/A homozygotes were more likely to relapse into drunk driving of a passenger car, and in two independent samples the A-allele carriers were causing traffic accidents more often. Conclusively, self-report, interview, and traffic record data converge indicating that the HCRTR1 Ile408Val genotype is associated with aggressiveness and breach of law.This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Current status of the neurobiology of aggression and impulsivity".

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Violated expectancies: Cause and function of exploration, fear, and aggression

Cited by 17 publications

References 160 publications

Wanting, liking and welfare: The role of affective states in proximate control of behaviour in vertebrates

Wanting, liking and welfare: The role of affective states in proximate control of behaviour in vertebrates

On selection of foxes for enhanced aggressiveness and its correlated implications

Orexin/hypocretin receptor gene (HCRTR1) variation is associated with aggressive behaviour

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