Violation enhancing conditions: A study of Norwegian car ferry workers’ compliance of safety-related procedures

Production and protection. Seafarers’ handling of pressure in gemeinschaft and gesellshaft

“…They value their autonomy and thus take a lot of responsibility, maybe beyond what management explicitly has stated or expected. This is also described in Norwegian coastal passenger transport (Aalberg andBye, 2017, Størkersen andJohansen, 2014) and cargo transport and the aquaculture industry (Størkersen, 2012). According to earlier research, management's safety commitment is important for the safety on the vessels (Lappalainen, 2016, Bhattacharya, 2012.…”

“…All the interviewed seafarers describe how they handle pressures of production and protection with taking "short cuts", working a lot and resting little. This corresponds with seafarer traditions (Antonsen, 2009a, Knudsen, 2009, Bhattacharya, 2012, Aalberg and Bye, 2017. The norms onboard are strictly followed, as research of maritime safety culture report of (Antonsen, 2009b).…”

“…The ability to keep the schedule and not canceling a departure, are associated with high competent navigators. Being delayed, or even worse, canceling a departure, may damage the navigator's reputation (Aalberg and Bye, 2017).…”

“…Formal rules are not viewed as a positive contribution to the traditional professional values of seafarers: "Good seamanship" belongs to a seafarer with practical and social abilities who maintains safe practices with professional judgment, without being told what to do (Antonsen, 2009a, Knudsen, 2009. Since rules usually define operations that everyone knows, vessel operations are rather performed using experience (Bhattacharya, 2012, Aalberg andBye, 2017). Many companies implement safety management systems that are not tailored to specific vessels and activities.…”

“…This makes procedures too numerous, detailed, and distanced from actual operations (Lappalainen, 2016, Bhattacharya, 2012. For some situations there are more than one procedure, or too few crewmembers to comply (Aalberg andBye, 2017, Størkersen andJohansen, 2014). Seafarers are also required to perform documentation "essentially outside their primary functions of ensuring safe and efficient sailing" (Silos et al, 2012).…”