Violence exposure and mental health consequences among urban youth

Borg, Breanna; Rabinak, Christine A.; Marusak, Hilary A.

doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02141-4

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Suicides comprised the majority of firearm-related deaths (56% in 2021, 65% in 2013) [ 19 ]. Firearm violence of all kinds has broad negative consequences, not only for those who die, but also for surviving victims [ 20 ], witnesses [ 21 , 22 ], and communities [ 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of California’s gun violence restraining order law: a case study using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework

et al. 2023

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Background Firearm violence is a major public health problem in the United States, yet most states lack a mechanism to temporarily remove firearms from individuals who are at high and imminent risk of harming themselves or others and are not otherwise prohibited. Extreme risk protection order (ERPO) laws are intended to close this gap. The current study examines the passage of California’s gun violence restraining order (GVRO) bill using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework. Methods This study was based on an analysis of interview data from six key informants involved in the passage of the GVRO legislation. Results Findings indicate policy entrepreneurs framed the problem and designed the policy to target individuals at behavioral risk of imminent firearm violence. Policy entrepreneurs comprised an integrated policy network that engaged in a lengthy period of collaboration and bargained with interest groups to yield a bill that satisfied diverse concerns. Conclusions This case study may inform efforts in other states to pass ERPO policies and other firearm safety laws.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of California’s gun violence restraining order law: a case study using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework

et al. 2023

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“…Armed conflicts pose significant challenges for society's structure and public health, fomenting a culture of violence and increasing the demand for emergency services, surgeries, and rehabilitation. Studies indicate that communities exposed to high levels of armed violence can experience higher rates of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, negatively affecting quality of life and wellbeing [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A city under siege: Time-series analysis of shootouts and the association with health and living conditions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2017-2022

Cunha,

Mota,

Bastos

2024

Preprint

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Armed violence is characterized by episodes of conflicts with the use of firearms and occasionally knives and other sharp objects. Ecological time series study applying the joinpoint model based on data on shootouts in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2017 to 2022. We analyzed the possible association between shootouts and living conditions based on linear and polynomial regressions. Decreases were observed in the number of shootouts in the city of Rio de Janeiro from 2017 to 2022, although current levels of violence are still far above those defined by international agencies as desirable or even acceptable. The statistically significant associations between indicators of living and health conditions and episodes of shootouts were nonlinear (SPI: -2747.9 [(-4973.8; -522.0]; SDI: -2987.4 [(-537.1; -437.6)]). A decrease was observed in episodes of armed violence. The relationship with living conditions points to a complex association, not reducible to a possible linear relationship between violence and living conditions. The findings suggest that complex phenomena should be analyzed with state-of-the-art models, whether for diagnosis or to inform truly structural interventions.

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“…Neuroscience research on neighborhood factors has largely focused on risk modeling, evaluating variables believed to worsen mental health. Institutionalized forms of racial inequities, including neighborhood disadvantage, and community violence, are risk factors dominating the emerging field (Butler et al, 2018;Saxbe et al, 2018;Gellci et al, 2019;Wrigglesworth et al, 2019;Borg et al, 2021;Rakesh et al, 2021;Reda et al, 2021;Webb et al, 2021). Discussions backed by critical race theory being held in other fields including education, law, and psychology, should inform neuroscience work moving forward (e.g., Yosso, 2005;Gillborn and Ladson-Billings, 2009;Giraldo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Explore Resilience Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radically reframing studies on neurobiology and socioeconomic circumstances: A call for social justice-oriented neuroscience

Webb

Cardenas‐Iniguez

Douglas

2022

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

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Socioeconomic circumstances are associated with symptoms and diagnostic status of nearly all mental health conditions. Given these robust relationships, neuroscientists have attempted to elucidate how socioeconomic-based adversity “gets under the skin.” Historically, this work emphasized individual proxies of socioeconomic position (e.g., income, education), ignoring the effects of broader socioeconomic contexts (e.g., neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage) which may uniquely contribute to chronic stress. This omission represented a disconnect between neuroscience and other allied fields that have recognized health is undeniably linked to interactions between systems of power and individual characteristics. More recently, neuroscience work has considered how sociopolitical context affects brain structure and function; however, the products of this exciting line of research have lacked critical sociological and historical perspectives. While empirical evidence on this topic is burgeoning, the cultural, ethical, societal, and legal implications of this work have been elusive. Although the mechanisms by which socioeconomic circumstances impact brain structure and function may be similar across people, not everyone is exposed to these factors at similar rates. Individuals from ethnoracially minoritized groups are disproportionally exposed to neighborhood disadvantage. Thus, socioeconomic inequities examined in neuroscience research are undergirding with other forms of oppression, namely structural racism. We utilize a holistic, interdisciplinary approach to interpret findings from neuroscience research and interweave relevant theories from the fields of public health, social sciences, and Black feminist thought. In this perspective piece, we discuss the complex relationship that continues to exist between academic institutions and underserved surrounding communities, acknowledging the areas in which neuroscience research has historically harmed and/or excluded structurally disadvantaged communities. We conclude by envisioning how this work can be used; not just to inform policymakers, but also to engage and partner with communities and shape the future direction of human neuroscience research.

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Violence exposure and mental health consequences among urban youth

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

The origins of California’s gun violence restraining order law: a case study using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework

The origins of California’s gun violence restraining order law: a case study using Kingdon’s multiple streams framework

A city under siege: Time-series analysis of shootouts and the association with health and living conditions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2017-2022

Radically reframing studies on neurobiology and socioeconomic circumstances: A call for social justice-oriented neuroscience

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