Violence Exposure Mediates the Relation Between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Offending Patterns in Adolescents

Howard, Alexis; Kimonis, Eva R.; Muñoz, Luna C.; Frick, Paul J.

doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9647-2

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Psychopathic traits have been consistently associated with more aggressive and violent behavior, particularly with instrumental aggression (Frick & Dickens, 2006), which is also consistent with the link between emotional desensitization and greater violent delinquency found in this study. Interestingly, psychopathic traits also have been associated with higher exposure to community violence among urban youth and male juvenile delinquents (Davis, Ammons, Dahl, & Kliewer, 2015; Howard, Kimonis, Munoz, & Frick, 2012), although neither study had the data to link violence exposure with an increase in psychopathy over time. More longitudinal research is needed to clarify the relationships between violence exposure, emotional desensitization, psychopathic traits, and violent behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emotional Desensitization to Violence Contributes to Adolescents’ Violent Behavior

Mrug

Madan

Windle

2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Many adolescents are exposed to violence in their schools, communities and homes. Exposure to violence at high levels or across multiple contexts has been linked with emotional desensitization, indicated by low levels of internalizing symptoms. However, the long-term consequences of such desensitization are unknown. This study examined emotional desensitization to violence, together with externalizing problems, as mediators of the relationship between exposure to violence in pre-adolescence and violent behavior in late adolescence. A community sample of youth (N=704; 48% female; 76% African American, 22% Caucasian) reported on their exposure to violence in multiple settings at ages 11, 13 and 18. Internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed at ages 11 and 13; violent behavior was measured at age 18. Structural Equation Modeling showed that exposure to high levels of violence at age 11 was associated with lower levels of internalizing problems (quadratic effect) at age 13, as was exposure to violence across multiple contexts (linear effect). In turn, fewer internalizing problems and more externalizing problems at age 13 predicted more violent behavior at age 18. The results suggest that emotional desensitization to violence in early adolescence contributes to serious violence in late adolescence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Emotional Desensitization to Violence Contributes to Adolescents’ Violent Behavior

Mrug

Madan

Windle

2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…Because individuals high in psychopathy frequently experience adverse environmental circumstances and maltreatment throughout development (Graham et al, 2012; Howard, Kimonis, Centifanti & Frick, 2012), it is crucial to continue to consider the specific ways in which psychopathic individuals are impacted by their environment, and how these experiences may contribute to or exacerbate the development of psychopathic traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversal Learning Deficits in Criminal Offenders: Effects of Psychopathy, Substance use, and Childhood Maltreatment History

Dargis

Wolf

Koenigs

2016

J Psychopathol Behav Assess

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Deficits in reinforcement learning are presumed to underlie the impulsive and incorrigible behavior exhibited by psychopathic criminals. However, previous studies documenting reversal learning impairments in psychopathic individuals have not investigated this relationship across a continuous range of psychopathy severity, nor have they examined how reversal learning impairments relate to different psychopathic traits, such as the interpersonal-affective and lifestyle-antisocial dimensions. Furthermore, previous studies have not considered the role that childhood maltreatment and substance use may have in this specific cognitive deficit. Using a standard reversal learning task in a sample of N = 114 incarcerated male offenders, we demonstrate a significant relationship between psychopathy severity and reversal learning errors. Furthermore, we show a significant interaction between psychopathy and childhood maltreatment, but not substance use, such that individuals high in psychopathy with an extensive history of maltreatment committed the greatest number of reversal learning errors. These findings extend the current understanding of reversal learning performance among psychopathic individuals, and highlight the importance of considering childhood maltreatment when studying psychopathy.

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“…Consistent with attachment theory, exposure to IPV disrupts the child’s ability to feel safe and trusting in relationships, since it is in the context of a responsive and healthy relationship with caregivers that children first learn and develop empathy. Alternative theories suggest that chronic violence exposure in the home may also desensitize the child to others’ distress cues, a deficit that has been consistently observed in children with CU traits (Howard, Kimonis, Muniz, & Frick, 2012).…”

Section: Risk and Protective Factors For The Impact Of Ipv On Externamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Externalizing Problems in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence

Fong¹,

Hawes

Allen³

2017

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

117

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue with innumerable costs to the victims, children, and families affected as well as society at large. The evidence is conclusive regarding a strong association between exposure to IPV and children's externalizing problems. Moving forward, the next step is to enhance our understanding of risk and protective factors associated with these outcomes in order to tailor treatments to meet the needs of both parents and children. The databases Medline, PubMed, and PsyINFO were searched combining variations of the key words such as parent*, child*, mother, partner abuse, domestic abuse, spousal abuse, interpersonal violence, domestic violence, or intimate partner violence. This search were combined with child externalizing behaviors specifically conduct*, oppositional defiant disorder, externaliz*, aggress*, hyperactivity, and ADHD. A total of 31 studies from all three databases were reviewed following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main findings were that child age and gender, callous-unemotional traits, cognitive appraisals, maternal mental health, and quality of parenting emerged as key mediating and moderating factors of the relationship between IPV exposure and child externalizing problems. These findings suggest that interventions provided to families exposed to IPV need to target both maternal and child risk factors in order to successfully reduce child externalizing problems.

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Violence Exposure Mediates the Relation Between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Offending Patterns in Adolescents

Cited by 43 publications

References 81 publications

Emotional Desensitization to Violence Contributes to Adolescents’ Violent Behavior

Emotional Desensitization to Violence Contributes to Adolescents’ Violent Behavior

Reversal Learning Deficits in Criminal Offenders: Effects of Psychopathy, Substance use, and Childhood Maltreatment History

A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Externalizing Problems in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence

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