Violence, rape, and sexual coercion: Ever yday love in a South African township

Wood, Kate; Jewkes, Rachel

doi:10.1080/741922353

Cited by 198 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The findings for gender presented above are consistent with a model of male control of sexuality that dominates the literature, particularly for southern and eastern Africa, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] but is also discussed by Orubuloye et al 40 based on research in Nigeria. Despite variations in gender and relationship norms and power across ethnic groups and regions, the research literature consistently supports a conclusion that social, cultural, political and gender-power dynamics all constrain women's ability to introduce condoms into their relationships, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] with condom use remaining predominantly under the control of men.…”

Section: Gender Influencessupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Despite variations in gender and relationship norms and power across ethnic groups and regions, the research literature consistently supports a conclusion that social, cultural, political and gender-power dynamics all constrain women's ability to introduce condoms into their relationships, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] with condom use remaining predominantly under the control of men. Improving the balance of power in heterosexual relationships through educating women has been promoted as a way to increase condom use.…”

Section: Gender Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…81,85,86 Discounting risks also enhances masculinity in these gendered belief systems. 40,73,87 The coercion and violence documented as common themes in heterosexual relationships in studies in Kenya, 74,81 Mali, 62 Nigeria, 85 Tanzania, 79 South Africa 31,37,63,88,89 and Rwanda 90 has been linked to the belief that a man needs and has a right to sex. That right may be legitimately exercised with physical force or, in some locations, even with gang rape, especially when it is perceived that a girl or woman 'owes' sex to a boy or man.…”

Section: Inside Cognitions: Beliefs About Masculinity Femininity Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Condoms in sub-Saharan Africa

Maticka‐Tyndale¹

2012

Sex. Health

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Abstract. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region with the world's highest rates of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs), yet numerous studies show that condom use is generally rare. This suggests a need for a better understanding of how condoms fit within sexual practices and relationships in SSA. This paper seeks to address this need by reviewing research published between the late 1980s and 2011 on use and factors influencing use of male condoms in SSA. What is evident from this research is that condom use involves complex social and interpersonal dynamics, with structural and cultural conditions exerting an influence through framing social cognitions and setting boundaries on autonomy that make the apparently irrational choice of eschewing condoms a rational decision. The influences of poverty; relationships with parents, peers and partners; limited, insufficient or absent information especially in rural areas and among men who have sex with men; gender and sexual norms, and the dynamics of gendered power; and beliefs and attitudes about HIV, condoms and sexuality all have been shown to work against condom use for a large proportion of Africa's people. However, promising results are shown in trends towards increased condom use among single women in numerous countries, increasing acceptance and use of condoms among some university students, successes in producing potentially sustainable condom use resulting from select interventions, and resistance to succumbing to the dominant gender-power dynamics and structural-cultural impediments that women in groups have mobilised.

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Section: Gender Influencessupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Gender Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inside Cognitions: Beliefs About Masculinity Femininity Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Condoms in sub-Saharan Africa

Maticka‐Tyndale¹

2012

Sex. Health

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“…Men feel pressurized by their peers to have early and frequent sex with as many partners as possible. This pressure on young men may translate into some degree of force or coercion on young women in sexual encounters (Wood & Jewkes, 1997).…”

Section: Communication With Sexual Partnersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer education, gender and the development of critical consciousness: participatory HIV prevention by South African youth

Campbell

MacPhail²

2002

Social Science & Medicine

391

341

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“…An extensive literature on HIV/AIDS in Africa highlights the powerlessness of women (ranging from wives to sex workers) to negotiate safe sex in the face of male reluctance to use condoms (e.g. Ulin 1992;T Campbell and Kelley, 1995;Karim et al, 1995;MacDonald 1996;Wood and Jewkes, 1997). A 9 key goal of community-based outreach health interventions is to promote the development of communities and contexts in which women can reshape their social and sexual identities in more assertive and health-enhancing ways.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selling sex in the time of AIDS: the psycho-social context of condom use by sex workers on a Southern African mine

Campbell¹

2000

Social Science & Medicine

205

148

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This paper provides a detailed account of the social organisation of commercial sex work in a squatter camp in a South African gold mining community. On the basis of in-depth interviews with 21 women, living in conditions of poverty and violence, the paper examines factors which might serve to help or hinder a newly implemented community-based peer education and condom distribution project aimed at vulnerable single women. Attention is given to the way in which the routine organisation of sex workers' everyday working and living conditions, as well as the strategies they use to construct positive social identities despite working in the most stigmatised of professions, serve to undermine their confidence in their ability to insist on condom use in sexual encounters with reluctant clients. However, even amongst this disadvantaged group of women, the interviews suggest that the tendency to speak of women's 'powerlessness' (as is the case in many studies of African women in the context of the HIV epidemic) is unduly simplistic and fails to take account of the range of coping strategies and social support networks that women have constructed to deal with their day to day life challenges. These strategies and networks could serve as potentially strong resources for community-based sexual health promotion programmes.

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Violence, rape, and sexual coercion: Ever yday love in a South African township

Cited by 198 publications

References 4 publications

Condoms in sub-Saharan Africa

Condoms in sub-Saharan Africa

Peer education, gender and the development of critical consciousness: participatory HIV prevention by South African youth

Selling sex in the time of AIDS: the psycho-social context of condom use by sex workers on a Southern African mine

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