Violência doméstica na gravidez: prevalência e fatores associados

Audi, Celene Aparecida Ferrari; Segall-Corrêa, Ana Maria; Santiago, Sílvia Maria; Andrade, Maria da Graça Garcia; Pèrez-Escamila, Rafael

doi:10.1590/s0034-89102008005000041

Cited by 58 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Except for the results detected in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro (61.7%) [10], in a rural community in South Africa (49%) [16] and in the Southern Appalachians (79.8%) [17], the prevalence rate of psychological violence (48.4%) detected in the Brisa prenatal cohort was higher than those reported in other studies, which ranged from 1.5% to 43% [4,8,11,12,18-24]. EPV and REPV prevalence rates were lower than those reported in only four of these publications [10,16,17,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Although some studies have pointed out this age range as being of higher risk for violence, a review of the literature has revealed that it was not possible to make this statement since the samples were mostly collected at hospitals or clinics and were not population based [4]. The results of investigations conducted in Michigan and in the municipality of Campinas, Brazil have shown that there was no association between psychological abuse and age of less than 20 years [8,12]. Durand and Schraiber [24] also detected no association between psychological violence by intimate partners and age of the pregnant woman.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pregnant women with up to eight years of schooling, economically responsible for the family, with common mental disorder and who had witnessed or suffered physical aggression before 15 years of age, who had intimate partners up to the age of 19 years and who ingested alcohol two or more times per week were at higher risk of suffering psychological violence [12]. The authors did not report whether they had included in their analysis pregnant women submitted also to other types of violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil

Ribeiro

Silva

Alves

et al. 2014

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundViolence against pregnant women has been associated with gestational and perinatal disorders. Psychological violence is the type least investigated and its associated factors have been little studied. The present study was conducted in order to estimate prevalence rates and analyze the factors associated with exclusive and recurrent psychological violence in the municipality of São Luís, Brazil.MethodsData regarding 982 pregnant women, aged from 14 to 45 years, interviewed in 2010 and 2011 in a prenatal cohort were used. A self-applied questionnaire was used to screen for violence. Pregnant women submitted to physical and sexual violence were excluded from the analysis of factors associated with exclusive psychological violence. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by a Poisson regression model with a hierarchical approach at three levels. At level 1 of the theoretical-conceptual model, we analyzed demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and variables that express gender inequalities; at level 2, we analyzed social support received by the women, and at level 3, the life experiences of the pregnant women.ResultsPrevalence rate of exclusive psychological violence was 41.6% and of recurrent violence was 32.6%. Exclusive psychological violence was associated with pregnant women’s age of 14 to 18 years (PR: 1.32 95% CI: 1.04 – 1.70), pregnant women’s schooling superior to that of her intimate partner (PR: 1.54 95% CI: 1.09 – 2.16), inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.34 95% CI: 1.11 – 1.62), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 1.80 95% CI: 1.16 – 2.81) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.52 95% CI: 1.18 – 1.96). Recurrent exclusive psychological violence was associated with inadequate social affective support/positive social interaction (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.15 – 1.87), use of illicit drugs by the pregnant women (PR: 2,28 95% CI: 1,40 - 3,71) and having had six or more intimate partners in life (PR: 1.47 95% CI: 1.06 – 2.03).ConclusionsPsychological violence was a common phenomenon in this population of pregnant women that was associated with gender inequalities, inadequate social support and illicit drug use and should be routinely investigated during prenatal visits at health care services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil

Ribeiro

Silva

Alves

et al. 2014

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…However, a review of African studies revealed low SES as a risk factor for intimate partner violence [2]. In Brazil, two studies investigating the association between socioeconomic characteristics of pregnant women and intimate partner violence showed contrasting results [11,12]. In the WHO Multi-Country Study, high SES was a protective factor for intimate partner violence [13], but this finding was not replicated in the sample collected in São Paulo (Brazil) [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Social Support on Violence against Pregnant Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

et al. 2017

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Few studies have used structural equation modeling to analyze the effects of variables on violence against women. The present study analyzed the effects of socioeconomic status and social support on violence against pregnant women who used prenatal services. This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the Brazilian Ribeirão Preto and São Luís birth cohort studies (BRISA). The sample of the municipality of São Luís (Maranhão/Brazil) consisted of 1,446 pregnant women interviewed in 2010 and 2011. In the proposed model, socioeconomic status was the most distal predictor, followed by social support that determined general violence, psychological violence or physical/sexual violence, which were analyzed as latent variables. Violence was measured by the World Health Organization Violence against Women (WHO VAW) instrument. The São Luis model was estimated using structural equation modeling and validated with 1,378 pregnant women from Ribeirão Preto (São Paulo/Brazil). The proposed model showed good fit for general, psychological and physical/sexual violence for the São Luís sample. Socioeconomic status had no effect on general or psychological violence (p>0.05), but pregnant women with lower socioeconomic status reported more episodes of physical/sexual violence (standardized coefficient, SC = -0.136; p = 0.021). This effect of socioeconomic status was indirect and mediated by low social support (SC = -0.075; p<0.001). Low social support was associated with more episodes of general, psychological and physical/sexual violence (p<0.001). General and psychological violence indistinctly affected pregnant women of different socioeconomic status. Physical/sexual violence was more common for pregnant women with lower socioeconomic status and lower social support. Better social support contributed to reduction of all types of violence. Results were nearly the same for the validation sample of Ribeirão Preto except that SES was not associated with physical/sexual violence.

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“…IPV during pregnancy has been associated with a variety of obstetrical risks, including late prenatal care, self-care deficits, abusive use of tobacco, alcohol and other substances, suicide attempts, depression, posttraumatic stress syndrome, sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancies, pregnancy during adolescence, vulvovaginitis, bleeding, miscarriage, urinary tract infections, in addition to deficits in weight gain during pregnancy and violent deaths during pregnancy [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . More severe consequences during pregnancy are described, including placenta previa, uterine rupture, hypertensive disorders, and chorioamnionitis, among others [9][10][11][12][13] . Severe maternal morbidity and IPV are both important disorders affecting maternal health.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intimate partner violence and severe maternal morbidity among pregnant and postpartum women in São Paulo, Brazil

Puccia¹,

Mamede²,

Souza³

2018

J. Hum. Growth Dev.

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Intimate partner violence and severe maternal morbidity among pregnant and postpartum women in São Paulo, Brazil J Hum Growth Dev. 2018; 28(2) Open acess AbstractThis article investigates the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) during a current pregnancy and severe maternal morbidity severe maternal morbidity among pregnant and postpartum women cared for in public maternity centers located in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 109 women who developed Severe maternal morbidity were selected according to criteria adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO). Another 337 women who did not experience any clinical, laboratory or management intercurrences during a current pregnancy and postpartum were selected for the control group. The participants were submitted to a retrospective investigation of IPV using an instrument adapted from the WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women, applied between November 2010 and June 2011. The relationship between the response variable severe maternal morbidity and the exposure variable (IPV) adjusted for the remaining independent variables was assessed through proportions, a chisquare test, a Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression. A prevalence of 12.6% (CI:9.5-15.7) for psychological violence, 7.6% (CI:5.1-10.1) for physical violence and 1.6% (CI:0.4-2.8) for sexual violence were observed during a current pregnancy in both the case and control groups. Although no statistical significance was found between IPV exposure during a current pregnancy and the occurrence of Severe maternal morbidity (p>0.264), we identified factors associated with unfavorable socio-demographic and reproductive conditions in both the women exposed to IPV and those who developed Severe maternal morbidity. Systematic monitoring of Severe maternal morbidity and routine screening of IPV among pregnant women are important measures to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality and to qualify reproductive health care.Keywords: intimate partner violence, battered women, severe acute maternal morbidity, pregnancy complications, maternal health.

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Violência doméstica na gravidez: prevalência e fatores associados

Cited by 58 publications

References 18 publications

Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil

Psychological violence against pregnant women in a prenatal care cohort: rates and associated factors in São Luís, Brazil

Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Social Support on Violence against Pregnant Women: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis

Intimate partner violence and severe maternal morbidity among pregnant and postpartum women in São Paulo, Brazil

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