Violência entre parceiros íntimos e consumo de álcool

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence and alcohol consumption during episodes of violence. METHODS:Cross-sectional study with a multi-stage probability sample, representative of the Brazilian population. Sample was comprised of 1,445 men and women, married or cohabitating, interviewed between November 2005 and April 2006. Interviews were conducted in the interviewees' homes, using a standardized closed questionnaire. Rates of prevalence of intimate partner violence were estimated and chi-square tests were used to assess gender differences in this prevalence. RESULTS:General prevalence of intimate partner violence was 10.7% in men and 14.6% in women. Men consumed alcohol in 38.1% of cases and women in 9.2%. As regards perception of alcohol consumption by intimate partner, men reported their female partners consumed alcohol in 30.8% of episodes of violence, while women reported that their male partners consumed it in 44.6% of episodes. CONCLUSIONS:Women were more frequently involved in mild and serious episodes of violence (perpetration, victimization or both) than men. The fact that episodes of violence reported were four times more frequent in intoxicated men enables the assumption that prevention of intimate partner violence may be promoted by public policies aimed at reducing alcohol consumption. 23 16% of American couples had experienced one or more types of IPV in the 12 months preceding the interviews. The majority of aggressions were considered mild violence (slapping and shoving, for example). However, about one third of episodes reported were serious (beating, choking, hitting with an object, forced sex, threat with or use of a knife or firearm). The same study concluded that the index of male partner violence against females was similar to that of female partners against males, as observed in 1975 and confirmed by other studies. DESCRIPTORS:1,23 Even though women perpetrate as much violence as their male partners in terms of frequency, they are more likely to suffer serious injuries.25 A study performed in the United States revealed that about 20% of traumarelated visits to an emergency department and 25% of homicides in women involved IPV. 19 In the United States, IPV estimates based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey, conducted in 1995, showed that the 12-month IPV index among couples varies between 17% and 39%, with indices of male violence against women and female violence against men corresponding to 13,6% and 18,2%, respectively. 22Previous research has also established a consistent positive association between male and female problems related to alcohol or alcohol dependence and IPV.14,18 Some studies have showed time associations between alcohol and IPV so that conditional probabilities of perpetration of male violence against women were nine times higher when men drank, compared to days without alcohol consumption. Probabilities were also 19 times higher on days of high alcohol consumption than those on days without consumption.5 Studies with the ...

Effect of physical intimate partner violence on body mass index in low-income adult women

“…The current estimate is similar to those found in underprivileged regions of Brazil like the North and Northeast (29.8%) 6 . Prevalence was also higher than in the 1 st National Survey on Alcohol Consumption in Brazil (2005Brazil ( -2006, which included 1,445 married adults (or those living in stable unions), namely 14.6% 33 . The higher prevalence found in the current study may result from socioeconomic characteristics of the study population, which includes a large proportion of women with per capita monthly income less than one minimum wage (84.6%), non-white women (68%), and those who had not finished secondary school (72.1%).…”

Prevalência de violência física por parceiro íntimo em homens e mulheres de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil: estudo de base populacional

“…As prevalências de violên-cia praticada por parceiro íntimo encontradas são mais baixas do que as de algumas pesquisas de populações específicas dos Estados Unidos e em um estudo recente de população urbana no Brasil 9,11,13,34 , "empurrar, agarrar ou sacudir" e "bater com alguma coisa" foram as formas mais prevalentes de violência praticada por parceiro íntimo entre os atos leves e os atos graves de violência. Talvez isso resulte do fato de os homens subnotificarem a vitimização da violência mais do que as mulheres, ou o contrário, que as mulheres tendem a falar mais sobre a violência -tanto as que cometem quanto as que sofrem 11,15,19 . Estudos revelam que as mulheres, mesmo quando iniciam um episódio de violência praticada por parceiro íntimo, o fazem com maior frequência em situações de autodefesa, enquanto os homens utilizam a violência com o objetivo de intimidar a parceira e mostrar autoridade.…”

“…Contudo, a violência conjugal não envolve apenas as mulheres, tornando-se necessário incorporar homens como participantes das pesquisas. Em consulta às bases bibliográficas PubMed, PsycINFO, LILACS e SciELO, com os termos Domestic Violence, Spouse Abuse, Battered Women, Epidemiology e Prevalence, foi encontrado apenas um estudo 19 brasileiro de base populacional cuja população-alvo era tanto homens quanto mulheres vítimas de violência. Assim, destaca-se a necessidade de se aprofundar no contexto brasileiro o conhecimento sobre a prevalência e as características da violência física cometida por parceiro íntimo tanto em homens quanto em mulheres.…”

Prevalência e fatores associados à violência entre parceiros íntimos após a revelação do diagnóstico de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis ao parceiro

“…Na análise bivariada das variáveis sociodemográficas, apenas o sexo foi estatisticamente significante para a prática de violência por situação também encontrada em uma pesquisa brasileira que estimou a prevalência de violência por parceiro íntimo e o consumo de álcool durante os eventos violentos 15 . No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde implantou programas específicos de atenção à mulher em situação de violência, o Poder Legislativo criou leis de punição para os agressores e foram implantadas delegacias específicas para este tipo de atendimento.…”

“…No entanto, em contraste com outras formas de violência interpessoal, a violência por parceiro íntimo é muitas vezes perpetrada também por mulheres 7,15 .…”