Violent Conflict and Peacebuilding

Brosché, Johan; Rothbart, Daniel

doi:10.4324/9780203104859

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Second, many instances of violence did not arise from combat between herders and farmers. In fact, most attacks by herders were directed at other herders (Brosché & Rothbart, 2013, Chapter 3). Third, at the level of group identity, the apparent duality between Africans and Arabs constitutes a politically charged artifact of the central government in Khartoum to privilege some ethnic groups at the expense of others (Sharkey, 2008).…”

Section: Ravaged By Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living through war: An oral history of civilians in Sudan

Rothbart

Korostelina

Gjeloshi

2023

Conflict Resolution Qtrly

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Civilians in Sudan have been devastated by wars for decades, including civil wars that occurred from 1956 to 1972 and from 1983 to 2005, and wars continuing to this day in certain regions. With this article, we offer the findings of an oral history project that showcases the testimony of 116 Sudanese from the following three regions: Darfur, the Nuba Mountains and the Blue Nile state. We focused on their experiences of war and their vision of a just future for Sudan. After presenting summaries of the wars in these regions (Section 1), we identify the project's methodology (Section 2). The respondents' testimony is then analyzed thematically as follows: (a) life before war, (b) experiences of war, (c) becoming refugees, (d) war's impact, and (e) vision of justice in Sudan (Section 3). We then interpret the respondents' vision of justice as expressions of their agency in striving to overcome the systemic inequalities that have ravaged this war‐torn nation. Our analysis reveals the complexity of the respondents' notions of justice as inseparable from peace. Long‐term peace necessities the realization of justice that cannot be achieved without long‐term peace.

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Section: Ravaged By Warmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living through war: An oral history of civilians in Sudan

Rothbart

Korostelina

Gjeloshi

2023

Conflict Resolution Qtrly

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“…In Darfur, the westernmost region of Sudan, the most intense violence occurred in 2002-2004 when large groups of civilians became subjected to systemic killing, force relocations, and sexual violence (Brosché & Rothbart, 2013). Three ethnic groups-Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa-became a target of genocide by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Janjaweed, the Arab militia groups.…”

Section: The Case Of Sudanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of the meaning of justice in the aftermath of war in Sudan.

Korostelina¹,

Rothbart²,

Gjeloshi³

2023

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

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This article concentrates on the construction of meanings of justice among civilians in the aftermath of war and mass violence. The article explores how such meanings are constructed, either from perceptions and memories of times of peace or memories of times of war. Based on the analysis of oral histories in the three regions of Sudan—Darfur, the Nuba Mountains region of South Kordofan, and Blue Nile state—we conducted cross-sectional analysis of themes related to the experiences of peace, war, and justice. The method of data collection was oral history interviews that concentrated on eyewitness testimony of respondents’ experiences of war in their home region as well as their vision of justice for a country ravaged for decades of systemic inequality. The interviews were analyzed using thematic and cross-sectional analysis. While the majority of researchers to date concentrate on the production of the meaning of justice based on the experiences of war, conflict, and violence, our study demonstrates that the respondents also saw the advancement of justice as returning to the peaceful time in the aftermath of war. Such construction of “peace-based” conception of justice has potential implications for the design and implementation of justice programs that, to date, tend to focus on experiences of war and conflict rather than visions of peace.

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“…Inter-communal fighting was particularly intense after SPLM/A split in 1991, as most Dinka supported Garang, while the Nuer primarily favoured his rivals. 24 In 2002, the factions reunited, which improved Dinka-Nuer relations that remained relatively peaceful for over a decade until a full-fledged civil war broke out in South Sudan in December 2013. 25 The rather tranquil Dinka-Nuer relations during CPA's implementation period, 2005-2011, were crucial for the agreement's success, since fighting between the groups could have undercut the agreement.…”

Section: The Local Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…60 Khartoum. 64 Another negative factor for DPA was that the balance of power in al-Bashir's regime had tilted in favour of hardliners less prone to make concessions on Darfur. 65 One important reason for this shift was unmet promises by the US to normalise relations with Sudan after the Naivasha agreement.…”

Section: The National Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the CPA limited the concessions that Khartoum were willing to provide to the Darfurians in the DPA. 6 Hence, while comparing two cases in the same country means that some contextual circumstances remain constant, it is also true that the cases can influence each other. We will therefore examine potential connections between the two peace processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hurdles to peace: a level-of-analysis approach to resolving Sudan’s civil wars

Brosché

Duursma

2017

Third World Quarterly

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Why do some peace agreements end armed conflicts whereas others do not? Previous studies have primarily focused on the relation between warring parties and the provisions included in peace agreements. Prominent mediators, however, have emphasised the importance of stakeholders at various levels for the outcome of peace agreements. To match the experience of these negotiators we apply a level-of-analysis approach to examine the contextual circumstances under which peace agreements are concluded. While prominent within the causes of war literature, level-of-analysis approaches are surprisingly scant in research about conflict resolution. This article compares two Sudanese Peace Agreements: the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (2005) that ended the North-South war and led to the independence of South Sudan, and the Darfur Peace Agreement (2006) which failed to end fighting in Darfur. We find that factors at the local, national and international level explain the different outcomes of the two agreements. Hence, the two case studies illustrate the merit of employing a level-of-analysis approach to study the outcome of peace agreements. The main contribution of this article is that it presents a new theoretical framework to understand why some peace agreements terminate armed conflict whereas others do not.

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Violent Conflict and Peacebuilding

Cited by 8 publications

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Living through war: An oral history of civilians in Sudan

Living through war: An oral history of civilians in Sudan

Production of the meaning of justice in the aftermath of war in Sudan.

Hurdles to peace: a level-of-analysis approach to resolving Sudan’s civil wars

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