Violent trauma recidivism: Does all violence escalate?

Nygaard, Rachel M; Marek, Ashley P.; Daly, Samuel R.; Camp, Joan M. Van

doi:10.1007/s00068-017-0787-5

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As for predictors of reinjury, male sex was a significant risk factor for all forms of recidivism, consistent with literature on violent recidivism [ 11 , 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, the 15–24-year-old patients in PRTH were found to be almost four times as likely to be recidivists.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…A violent recidivism study by Kaufmann et al also conveyed this lack of value [ 21 ]. Yet, Nygaard et al stated a lower ISS was a predictor of violent recidivism [ 22 ]. The protective effect found in the severity markers could be due to consequential lifestyle or functional impairments which led to avoidance of the situation or environment, precautionary measures instilled, possible death due to trauma before a second admission, or loss of follow-up due to emigration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recidivism at the puerto rico trauma hospital

Suárez-Cruz

Ramos-Meléndez

Nieves-Plaza

et al. 2020

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg

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Purpose Although trauma represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, there is limited and heterogeneous evidence regarding trauma recidivism and its outcomes. This analysis determined the rate and independent risk factors of trauma recidivism and compared the first and second injury episode among recidivists. Methods An IRB-approved retrospective cohort study was performed with data from the Puerto Rico Trauma Hospital Registry. Bivariate analyses were done using Pearson’s Chi squared, Wilcoxon rank-sum, McNemar, Stuart-Maxwell or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, as appropriate. Independent predictors for recidivism were determined through a logistic regression model. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results 24,650 patients were admitted to the hospital during 2000–2017. Recidivism rate was 14 per 1,000 patients discharged alive. Males and individuals aged 15–24 years old were 3.88 (95% CI: 2.21–6.80) and 3.80 (95% CI: 2.24–6.46) times more likely to be recidivists, respectively. Contrariwise, an ISS $$\ge$$ ≥ 25 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28–0.68] and a GCS $$\le$$ ≤ 8 (AOR = 0.56; 95% CI 0.34–0.92) were protective factors. Furthermore, recidivists exhibited less in-hospital mortality than their non-recidivist counterparts (7.2% vs. 10.7%; p = 0.045). For recidivists, the median (interquartile range) time to reinjury was 42 (59) months; and the second injury episode was more severe than the first one, as the proportion of patients with ISS $$\ge$$ ≥ 25 increased (7.9% vs. 14.1%; p = 0.022). Conclusion The independent predictors of trauma recidivism and the median time to reinjury identified in this study provide valuable information to the development of prevention strategies aimed at reducing the burden of injury.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recidivism at the puerto rico trauma hospital

Suárez-Cruz

Ramos-Meléndez

Nieves-Plaza

et al. 2020

Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg

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“…The high proportion of these injuries being due to assault mean there is an increased risk of retaliation as well as a higher risk of a subsequent trauma, also known as injury recidivism [4, 10, 16]. A 2017 study of over 10,000 admissions in an urban level I trauma center found that of patients with a violent trauma (blunt assault, stabbing, or gunshot wound), patients admitted for a gunshot wound had a 13.5 times higher odds of mortality compared to blunt assault [17]. Compared to blunt assault and stabbings, patients who experienced gunshot wounds were the only violent injury in which severity of the injury increased with each additional hospital admission [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonfatal Firearm Violence Trends on the Westside of Chicago Between 2005 and 2016

et al. 2018

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This paper examines the epidemiology of nonfatal firearm violence (NFFV) on the Westside of Chicago over three finite time periods: 2005–2008, 2009–2012, and 2013–2016. The trend analysis will look at any significant changes over the time periods and describe the demographic characteristics of NFFV. A descriptive analysis of Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH) Emergency Department (ED) data was conducted. NFFV patients were identified by specific firearm ICD-9 primary eCode injury categories: accident, assault, legal intervention, undetermined intent, suicide or self-inflicted injury, and legal intervention. The Pearson Chi-square test was conducted to statistically compare the categorical frequencies of the Chicago metropolitan region of injury, cause of firearm related injury, and place of injury by time period. There were a total of 3962 nonfatal hospitalizations at MSH between the three time periods due to gun violence related injuries. Overall, nonfatal hospitalizations were most frequent for those between age groups 16–24 (52.5%). The number of nonfatal hospitalizations decreased with increasing age for the age groups 35–44 (9.7%), 45–54 (3.2%), and > 54 (1.2%). There were significantly more nonfatal hospitalizations in males (n = 3649) than females (n = 312) across the three time periods. However, there was a 74.7% increase in female nonfatal hospitalizations from 2009–2012 to 2013–2016. There were significant racial differences in nonfatal hospitalizations between the three time periods. NFFV continues to be problem on the Westside of Chicago, particularly for young, Black men. The incidence of gun violence however has not changed significantly between 2005 and 2016.

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“…However, as these findings also illustrate, while necessary, strains alone appear to be insufficient to fully explain the perpetration of violence and alternative or indeed complementary theories could help advance our understanding. For example, it has been speculated that the significant gender variations in violent offence is mediated by socially constructed, subjective gender norms (Blum et al, 2019; Nygaard et al, 2018; Topitzes et al, 2012; Zahn-Waxler et al, 2008). This study was unable to test for this; nevertheless, it was clear that the majority of this cohort was male and a significant proportion had histories of violent offending.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach for understanding trauma-related youth violence in low resource contexts: A retrospective case file review in Northern Ireland

Walsh

Doherty²,

Best

2021

Violence: An International Journal

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Adverse life events during childhood have been associated with increased rates of violence. Despite decades of violent conflict, there continues to be a paucity of contextually relevant data related to youth violence in Northern Ireland. Prospective studies are useful but these require time and resources that are not often available. In the absence of such studies, there remains a need to understand the prevalence and impact of serious youth violence in a cost-effective and timely way. The primary aim of this study is to present a novel method for collecting and analyzing violence-related data using existing administrative data through a retrospective case file review of young people aged 10–18 who spent time in custodial services ( n = 145) over a 1-year period (January 2019 to December 2019) in Northern Ireland. A digital worksheet was developed and following a review, data from each file were extracted. Analyses examined the relationship between potentially traumatic life events and violent offending. Consistent with previous studies, this study found that rates of both adversity and violent offending are high. However, not all forms of adversity are associated with the same violent outcomes. Regression models illustrated, for instance, a significant relationship between community-based victimization and violent offending. Those who experienced more serious forms of violence were more likely to engage in higher harm violence. This study adds to the international literature on psychological trauma and youth violence and makes recommendations for future investigation.

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Violent trauma recidivism: Does all violence escalate?

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Recidivism at the puerto rico trauma hospital

Recidivism at the puerto rico trauma hospital

Nonfatal Firearm Violence Trends on the Westside of Chicago Between 2005 and 2016

A novel approach for understanding trauma-related youth violence in low resource contexts: A retrospective case file review in Northern Ireland

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