VIP‐ and CCK‐like‐immunoreactive neurons in the hedgehog (<i>Erinaceus europaeus</i>) and Sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>) brain

Antonopoulos, J. G.; Papadopoulos, Georgios C.; Karamanlidis, A.N.; Parnavelas, John G.; Dinopoulos, A.; Michaloudi, H.

doi:10.1002/cne.902630211

Cited by 44 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Qualitatively, VIP-positive neurons were seen mainly in the cerebral cortex, with fewer VIP-positive neurons seen in the basal ganglia and hippocampus. Within the cerebral cortex, VIP-positive neurons were concentrated mainly in cortical layer II, with some seen in layers III and IV as has been previously described [Morrison et al, 1984;Antonopoulos et al, 1987]. VIP-positive neurons were frequently bipolar with 2 distinct processes.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Within the brain, VIP-producing neurons are found in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus and midbrain. In the cerebral cortex, VIP neurons are found in all layers but are concentrated in layers II and III, and are typically bipolar [Morrison et al, 1984;Antonopoulos et al, 1987]. This bipolar morphology, with radial orientation of the 2 main dendrites, 1 from each pole, extending across several cortical layers, was related to the functional, modular organization of the neocortex in vertical columns, such that input from the various afferent systems targeting these layers could be received, integrated and modulated [Bayraktar et al, 2000].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Binge Fetal Alcohol Exposure on the Number of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Producing Neurons in Fetal Sheep Brain

Anderson¹,

Mondares²,

Born³

et al. 2007

Dev Neurosci

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Previously we demonstrated that fetal alcohol exposure attenuates hypoxic cerebral vasodilation in fetal and neonatal sheep. One mechanism may be altered expression of brain vasoactive substances. We hypothesized that early fetal alcohol exposure alters the number of fetal neurons expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a potent cerebral vasodilator. Thirteen pregnant ewes received daily i.v. infusions of alcohol (1.5 g/kg) or saline on days 30–54 of gestation (term = 145 days). Fourteen fetal brains (6 alcohol-exposed, 8 saline control) were obtained on gestational day 126. Using unbiased stereology, we counted immunohistochemically-labeled VIP neurons in one half of each forebrain with an optical fractionator. The total NeuN-labeled neurons were similarly counted. Alcohol-exposed fetal sheep brains had fewer VIP-immunopositive neurons per hemisphere, 14.6 × 10⁶, compared to saline controls, 19.8 × 10⁶. The total neuron number was not different, 1.19 × 10⁹ versus 1.23 × 10⁹ respectively, indicating a selective decrease in VIP neurons as a result of alcohol exposure. In sheep, alcohol exposure early in gestation is associated with fewer VIP-producing neurons later in gestation compared to saline controls; therefore, alcohol-related changes in the number of VIP-expressing neurons may be responsible in part for the attenuated hypoxic cerebral vasodilation described in fetal and neonatal sheep exposed to alcohol earlier in gestation.

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Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Binge Fetal Alcohol Exposure on the Number of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Producing Neurons in Fetal Sheep Brain

Anderson¹,

Mondares²,

Born³

et al. 2007

Dev Neurosci

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“…1D). In both mammals and chickens, this area contains mRNA for VIP (22,25), but VIP-ir cells have not been reported in the AH, perhaps reflecting rapid turnover. Thus, we first sequenced the zebra finch VIP gene and confirmed the presence of VIP mRNA in the dorsal AH (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Knockdown of AH VIP production has no effect on a wide range of other social and anxiety-like behaviors. These results may be relevant to mammals, as well, given that both rodents and birds exhibit VIP cell groups in many of the same brain areas, including the AH (22,25), and intrathecal infusions of VIP potentiate aggression in male rats (40). Relevant data are not yet available for other mammalian species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This hypothesis receives strong support and the spatial analysis focused our attention on an area defined by a population of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) neurons. VIP neurons, fibers, and receptors are found in virtually every brain region that is known to be important for social behavior (22)(23)(24)(25), but with the exception of the VIP neuronal populations in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and tuberal hypothalamus, which regulate circadian rhythms and prolactin release, respectively (26,27), we know very little about the behavioral functions of VIP cell groups and their projection systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An aggression-specific cell type in the anterior hypothalamus of finches

Goodson

Kelly

Kingsbury

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The anterior hypothalamus (AH) is a major integrator of neural processes related to aggression and defense, but cell types in the AH that selectively promote aggression are unknown. We here show that aggression is promoted in a very selective and potent manner by dorsal AH neurons that produce vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). Fos activity in a territorial finch, the violet-eared waxbill (Estrildidae: Uraeginthus granatina) is positively related to aggression in the dorsal AH, overlapping a population of VIP-producing neurons. VIP is known to promote territorial aggression in songbirds, and thus we used antisense oligonucleotides to selectively block AH VIP production in male and female waxbills. This manipulation virtually abolishes aggression, reducing the median number of displacements in a 3-min resident-intruder test from 38 in control subjects to 0 in antisense subjects. Notably, most antisense and control waxbills exhibit an agonistic response such as a threat or agonistic call within 2 s of intrusion. Thus, antisense subjects clearly classify intruders as offensive, but fail to attack. Other social and anxiety-like behaviors are not affected and VIP cell numbers correlate positively with aggression, suggesting that these cells selectively titrate aggression. Additional experiments in the gregarious zebra finch (Estrildidae: Taeniopygia guttata) underscore this functional specificity. Colony-housed finches exhibit significant reductions in aggression (primarily nest defense) following AH VIP knockdown, but no effects are observed for social preferences, pair bonding, courtship, maintenance behaviors, or anxiety-like behaviors. To our knowledge, these findings represent a unique identification of an aggression-specific cell type in the brain.neuropeptide | reproduction T he anterior hypothalamus (AH) is a hub of neural processes related to aggression and agonistic communication in taxa ranging from fish to mammals (1-9). The AH is strongly interconnected with the ventrolateral subnucleus of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) (10), and both areas are overlapped by the "hypothalamic attack area," a region from which aggressive behavior is elicited by electrical stimulation in mammals (7,9,11,12). A comparable organization is found in birds, as demonstrated by both electrical stimulation (1, 8) and immediate early gene expression (13,14). The AH and VMHvl integrate information from many socially relevant forebrain regions and project to midbrain areas that regulate motivation and motor processes (10,(15)(16)(17). However, whereas recent studies in male mice show that overlapping but distinct neuronal populations of the VMHvl regulate fighting and mating (18), the neurochemical phenotypes of aggression-related neurons in the VMHvl and AH are largely unknown (7). AH vasopressin neurons that promote aggression in voles also influence affiliation (5), and the AH further regulates stress response and defense (12,14,19). Thus, the identification of AH neurons that selectively promote aggression requires t...

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Distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs of the hedgehog(Erinaceus europaeus)

et al. 1999

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VIP‐ and CCK‐like‐immunoreactive neurons in the hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and Sheep (Ovis aries) brain

Cited by 44 publications

References 73 publications

The Effect of Binge Fetal Alcohol Exposure on the Number of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Producing Neurons in Fetal Sheep Brain

The Effect of Binge Fetal Alcohol Exposure on the Number of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Producing Neurons in Fetal Sheep Brain

An aggression-specific cell type in the anterior hypothalamus of finches

Distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase in the main and accessory olfactory bulbs of the hedgehog(Erinaceus europaeus)

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