Viral and Bacterial Serology of Free-Ranging Pacific Walrus

Calle, Paul P.; Seagars, Dana J.; McClave, Catherine; Senne, Dennis A.; House, Carol; House, James A.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-38.1.93

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The low Leptospira titer observed might represent exposure to Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa, cross-reaction between serovars of Leptospira that were not assayed for in this study, or nonspecific responses (Calle et al 2002). California sea lions Zalophus californianus with titers to L. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa have been observed (Gulland et al 1996, Godinez et al 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Time from centrifugation to freezing of serum or plasma varied from 0.1 to 7.9 h (mean: 1.5 h). In the field, plasma and serum were stored in chest freezers or portable liquid nitrogen tanks for 2 to 3 wk until transferred to a freezer (-20 or -70°C) for intermediate storage prior to shipment by overnight delivery to analysis laboratories, as previously described (Calle et al 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our objectives were to determine antibody levels to potential pinniped pathogens or zoonotic organisms in free ranging bearded seals collected opportunistically in the process of monitoring the Pacific walrus Odobenus rosmarus divergens harvest from 1994 to 1996. Testing was conducted for 5 Leptospira interrogans serovars, Brucella spp., PDV, 26 calicivirus strains, and influenza A virus as previously described for Pacific walrus (Calle et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Viral and bacterial serology of six free-ranging bearded seals Erignathus barbatus

Calle¹,

Seagars²,

McClave³

et al. 2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Serum or heparinized plasma samples were obtained from 3 male (2 adult and 1 weaned calf) and 3 adult female free-ranging bearded seals Erignathus barbatus in May of 1994May of , 1995May of , or 1996. Blood samples were obtained from animals taken in subsistence hunts near St. Lawrence Island, Alaska and screened for antibodies to a suite of bacteria and viruses potentially pathogenic for pinnipeds and/or humans. No samples had detectable antibodies to Brucella spp., Phocine distemper virus, influenza A virus or caliciviruses (San Miguel sea lion virus strains 1, 2, and 4 to 13, vesicular exanthema of swine serotypes A48, B51, C52, D53, E54, F55, G55, H54, I55, J56, K54, 1934B, and Tillamook and Walrus calicivirus). One seal had a low titer of 100 to Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa. KEY WORDS: Leptospira interrogans

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Viral and bacterial serology of six free-ranging bearded seals Erignathus barbatus

Calle¹,

Seagars²,

McClave³

et al. 2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Available information includes a detailed study on lungworm in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) (Onderka 1989) and data on the prevalence of exposure to some microparasites that have caused disease outbreaks in marine mammals in other parts of the world, although not reported to date in the Arctic. These include serological surveys for Toxoplasma gondii, morbilliviruses, Brucella sp., calicivirus, herpes viruses, rabies, Salmonella sp., and influenzavirus A (O'Hara et al 1998, Duignan 1999, Tryland 2000, Nielsen et al 2001, Tryland et al 2001, Aschfalk et al 2002, Calle et al 2002, Dubey et al 2003, Measures et al 2004, Philippa et al 2004. Some studies of pathogenic organisms have been conducted, including surveys and characterizations of poxviruses, Salmonella sp., Giardia, Cryptosporidia, Brucella sp., and Clostridium perfringens toxin (Aschfalk and Muller 2001, Dailey 2001, Dunn et al 2001, Hughes-Hanks et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Climate Change on Arctic Marine Mammal Health

Burek¹,

Gulland

O’Hara

2008

Ecological Applications

233

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The lack of integrated long-term data on health, diseases, and toxicant effects in Arctic marine mammals severely limits our ability to predict the effects of climate change on marine mammal health. The overall health of an individual animal is the result of complex interactions among immune status, body condition, pathogens and their pathogenicity, toxicant exposure, and the various environmental conditions that interact with these factors. Climate change could affect these interactions in several ways. There may be direct effects of loss of the sea ice habitat, elevations of water and air temperature, and increased occurrence of severe weather. Some of the indirect effects of climate change on animal health will likely include alterations in pathogen transmission due to a variety of factors, effects on body condition due to shifts in the prey base/food web, changes in toxicant exposures, and factors associated with increased human habitation in the Arctic (e.g., chemical and pathogen pollution in the runoff due to human and domestic-animal wastes and chemicals and increased ship traffic with the attendant increased risks of ship strike, oil spills, ballast pollution, and possibly acoustic injury). The extent to which climate change will impact marine mammal health will also vary among species, with some species more sensitive to these factors than others. Baseline data on marine mammal health parameters along with matched data on the population and climate change trends are needed to document these changes.

show abstract

“…The serological prevalence ranges from 0 to 38% for cetaceans, pinnipeds, and mustelids (6,24,26,29,32,34,43). The largest studies of 1,855 pinnipeds from North America and 1,386 pinnipeds and cetaceans from the North Atlantic Ocean revealed 3.1 and 8.2%, respectively, to have serological evidence of brucella (33, 43).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of aBrucellasp. Strain as a Marine-Mammal Type despite Isolation from a Patient with Spinal Osteomyelitis in New Zealand

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Naturally acquired infection of humans with a marine mammal-associated Brucella sp. has only been reported once previously in a study describing infections of two patients from Peru. We report the isolation and characterization of a strain of Brucella from a New Zealand patient that appears most closely related to strains previously identified from marine mammals. The isolate was preliminarily identified as Brucella suis using conventional bacteriological tests in our laboratory. However, the results profile was not an exact match, and the isolate was forwarded to four international reference laboratories for further identification. The reference laboratories identified the isolate as either B. suis or B. melitensis by traditional bacteriological methods in three laboratories and by a molecular test in the fourth laboratory. Molecular characterization by PCR, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and DNA sequencing of the bp26 gene; IS711; the omp genes omp25, omp31, omp2a, and omp2b; IRS-PCR fragments I, III, and IV; and five housekeeping gene fragments was conducted to resolve the discrepant identification of the isolate. The isolate was identified to be closely related to a Brucella sp. originating from a United States bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and common seals (Phoca vitulina).Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease of humans, causing a variety of vague symptoms including undulant fever, fatigue, malaise, joint pain, myalgia, depression, and anorexia (22). Chronic sequelae and recrudescence decades after initial infection also occur. Brucella may be transmitted from animals to humans by direct contact with infected animals, ingestion of infected food products, and inhalation of aerosols. Four species of Brucella are the primary causes of infection in humans. Brucella melitensis is highly infectious and is transmitted from sheep and goats, B. abortus is transmitted from cattle, B. suis is transmitted from pigs and, infrequently, B. canis is transmitted from dogs. Other species of Brucella have been rarely or not reported to infect humans.There are only two reports in the literature of humans infected with marine mammal strains of Brucella. One report was of a laboratory worker who displayed symptoms consistent with brucellosis (4). The infection was confirmed by a positive serological response, isolation, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) identification of a marine Brucella strain. Two patients originating from Peru and diagnosed with neurobrucellosis were also confirmed to be infected with marine mammal strains of Brucella by isolation, PCR, and DNA sequencing (41). The two Peruvian patients were not laboratory workers, and the infection was naturally acquired.Serological evidence and isolation of brucellae have been reported from a variety of marine mammals on numerous occasions from locations in the northern hemisphere. The serological prevalence ranges from 0 to 38% for cetaceans, pinnipeds, and mustelids (6,24,26,29,32,34,43). The largest studies of 1,855 ...

show abstract

Viral and Bacterial Serology of Free-Ranging Pacific Walrus

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Viral and bacterial serology of six free-ranging bearded seals Erignathus barbatus

Viral and bacterial serology of six free-ranging bearded seals Erignathus barbatus

Effects of Climate Change on Arctic Marine Mammal Health

Characterization of aBrucellasp. Strain as a Marine-Mammal Type despite Isolation from a Patient with Spinal Osteomyelitis in New Zealand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About