Viral, Bacterial and Parasitic Etiology of Pediatric Diarrhea in Gaza, Palestine

Abu-Elamreen, Farid H.; Abed, Abdalla A.; Sharif, Fadel A.

doi:10.1159/000129609

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In fact, our study focused on children aged 3–5 years where less prevalence of rotavirus could be present. When we compared our findings to a study conducted in Gaza on similar age groups, almost the same prevalence of rotavirus was detected[27]. Moreover, in Bangladesh, Albert et al studied 814 children with diarrhea.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Many studies in the area reported lower or higher prevalence of this parasite depending upon the characteristics of each study. In 4 different studies all conducted in Gaza strip, the prevalence of G. lamblia was 1.33%, 8%, 10.3% and 62%, respectively[23],[27]-[29]. These differences could be primarily explained by the differences in target population, time and duration of each study, seasonal variation, size of sample, and place of each study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of enteric pathogen-associated community gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in Gaza

et al. 2015

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Gastroenteritis is considered as one of the leading causes of illness and death in children under 5 years age, especially in developing countries. It is one of the major public health problems among childhood in Gaza strip, Palestine. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of enteric pathogen-associated community gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in Gaza. A total of 150 stool samples were collected and investigated for parasitic, viral and bacterial pathogens at Al Azhar microbiology laboratories by using standard microbiological and serological procedures. Out of the 150 study samples, the overall percentage of positive stool samples with a known enteric pathogen was 60.6%. The prevalence of different enteric pathogens causing community gastroenteritis among symptomatic cases (88.5%) was significantly higher than the prevalence in asymptomatic carriage (11.1%). The most prevalent isolated enteric pathogens were Entamoeba histolytica (28.0%) and Giardia lamblia (26.7%). Rotavirus was found in 3.1% of symptomatic cases but not detected in asymptomatic carriage. However, adenovirus type 40 and 41 were not detected in any of the study samples. The bacterial enteric pathogens Shigella and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) have comparable occurrence as rotavirus (3.1%), meanwhile, Salmonella was not isolated. Mixed infection with more than 1 pathogen was found (11.4%) only among symptomatic cases. Children aged 3-year-old showed the highest prevalence of community gastroenteritis. This study demonstrates a high prevalence of parasitic enteropathogens and a relatively low prevalence of bacterial and viral enteropathogens among kindergarten children living in Gaza city, moreover, children aged 3 years old showed the highest prevalence of isolated enteropathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of enteric pathogen-associated community gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in Gaza

et al. 2015

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“…Reports from previous Saudi studies have found enteropathogen prevalence rates of 47 -61%. [8][9][10][15][16][17] Data from Middle Eastern countries revealed prevalence rates of 28% in Bahrain, [18] 63% in Palestine [19] and 66% in Jordan. [20] Of all the a etiologic agents detected during our study, rotavirus was found in a total of 17.2% of all cases and 77.8% of the 72 viral gastroenteritis cases, confirming its role as the main aetiological agent in paediatric diarrhoea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is endemic in developing countries. The data from Arab countries revealed Salmonella gastroenteritis rates of 4% in Palestine [19] and 6% in Bahrain. [18] In this study, the intestinal parasites were identified in 1.2% of all cases, and Giardia lamblia accounted for 0.9% of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Najran region, Saudi Arabia

et al. 2013

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Background and Objectives: Gastroenteritis is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of bacterial, viral and parasitic aetiology of gastroenteritis in children aged < 5 years in the Najran region, southwestern Saudi Arabia, to determine the contribution of these enteropathogens in childhood diarrhoeal diseases and to put forward effective preventive measures for controlling the disease in the future. Design and Setting: A descriptive study conducted at Najran Maternity and Children's Hospital and the Microbiology Department of the Najran University College of Applied Medical Sciences from October 2011 to June 2012. Patients and Methods: Stool samples were collected from 326 children aged ≤ 5 years with diarrhoea and examined for bacterial, viral and parasitic enteropathogens. Results: Seventy-two (22.1%) samples were positive for viral pathogens, including 56 (17.2%), 12 (3.7%) and 4 (1.2%) samples for rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus, respectively. Thirty-five (10.7%) samples were positive for bacterial pathogens, including 28 (8.6%) and 7 (2.1%) samples for Salmonella and Shigella spp. isolates, respectively. Pathogenic parasites were detected in only 4 (1.2%) samples, including 3 (0.9%) Giardia lamblia and 1 (0.3%) Entamoeba histolytica isolates. Conclusions: Rotavirus is the most common pathogen in paediatric acute gastroenteritis in the Najran region. This fact, in combination with the severity of the infections, warrants consideration of a rotavirus vaccine in the childhood immunization program in Saudi Arabia. On the basis of clinical and laboratory parameters, it appears possible to distinguish between the different causative agents of acute gastroenteritis.

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“…Previous studies on these organisms in the region have not compared the rate among diarrhoeal and non-diarrhoeal samples. A recent study in Gaza also identified E. histolytica/dispar (15) and Campylobacter coli/jejuni (5) among other organisms as major cause of acute diarrhoea in Palestinian children aged less than five years (17). This study has, thus, revealed that these bacterial agents were significantly associated with diarrhoea in the region, with increasing resistance to antibiotic agents, such as erythromycin for Campylobacter spp., tetracycline for Shigella , and ampicillin for Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic and Bacterial Pathogens in Diarrhoeal and Non-diarroeal Human Stools from Vhembe District, South Africa

Samie

Guerrant

Barrett

et al. 2010

J Health Popul Nutr

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In the present study, a cross-sectional survey of intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections in relation to diarrhoea in Vhembe district and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolated bacterial pathogens was conducted. Stool samples were collected from 528 patients attending major public hospitals and 295 children attending two public primary schools and were analyzed by standard microbiological and parasitological techniques. Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (34.2%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (25.5%) were the most common parasitic causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Giardia lamblia (12.8%) was the most common cause of diarrhoea among the primary school children (p<0.05). Schistosoma mansoni (14.4%) was more common in non-diarrhoeal samples at both hospitals (16.9%) and schools (17.6%). Campylobacter spp. (24.9%), Aeromonas spp. (20.8%), and Shigella spp. (8.5%) were the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Campylobacter (12.8%) and Aeromonas spp. (12.8%) were most common in diarrhoeal samples from school children. Vibrio spp. was less common (3% in the hospitals) and were all associated with diarrhoea. Antimicrobial resistance was common among the bacterial isolates but ceftriaxone (91%) and ciprofloxacin (88.6%) showed stronger activities against all the organisms. The present study has demonstrated that E. histolytica/dispar, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Cyclospora are common parasitic causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district while Campylobacter spp. and Aeromonas are the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district of South Africa.

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Viral, Bacterial and Parasitic Etiology of Pediatric Diarrhea in Gaza, Palestine

Cited by 27 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence of enteric pathogen-associated community gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in Gaza

Prevalence of enteric pathogen-associated community gastroenteritis among kindergarten children in Gaza

Aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Najran region, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic and Bacterial Pathogens in Diarrhoeal and Non-diarroeal Human Stools from Vhembe District, South Africa

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