Viral Booster Vaccines Improve Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Induced Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis

Vordermeier, H. M.; Villarreal‐Ramos, Bernardo; Cockle, Paul; McAulay, M.; Rhodes, Shelley; Thacker, Tyler C.; Gilbert, Sarah C.; McShane, Helen; Hill, Adrian V. S.; Zhang, Xing; Hewinson, R. Glyn

doi:10.1128/iai.00186-11

Cited by 40 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…4 and 7). These data may also indicate why when poxvirus vectors are used levels of T cell response are generally lower than in vaccination strategies that utilize replicationdeficient adenovirus vectors (9,27,61,62,77). At this moment, it is not known how MVA-infected ALDC affect surface receptor expression of bystander cells, but our preliminary data indicate that one or more soluble factors are involved in this phenomenon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Based Vaccine Vectors Induce Apoptosis in Dendritic Cells Draining from the Skin via both the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Caspase Pathways, Preventing Efficient Antigen Presentation

Guzman¹,

Cubillos‐Zapata²,

Cottingham

et al. 2012

J Virol

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Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells and central to the induction of immune responses following infection or vaccination. The collection of DC migrating from peripheral tissues by cannulation of the afferent lymphatic vessels provides DC which can be used directly ex vivo without extensive in vitro manipulations. We have previously used bovine migrating DC to show that recombinant human adenovirus 5 vectors efficiently transduce afferent lymph migrating DEC-205 + CD11c + CD8 − DC (ALDC). We have also shown that recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) infects ALDC in vitro , causing downregulation of costimulatory molecules, apoptosis, and cell death. We now show that in the bovine system, modified vaccinia virus Ankara-induced apoptosis in DC draining from the skin occurs soon after virus binding via the caspase 8 pathway and is not associated with viral gene expression. We also show that after virus entry, the caspase 9 pathway cascade is initiated. The magnitude of T cell responses to mycobacterial antigen 85A (Ag85A) expressed by recombinant MVA-infected ALDC is increased by blocking caspase-induced apoptosis. Apoptotic bodies generated by recombinant MVA (rMVA)-Ag85A-infected ALDC and containing Ag85A were phagocytosed by noninfected migrating ALDC expressing SIRPα via actin-dependent phagocytosis, and these ALDC in turn presented antigen. However, the addition of fresh ALDC to MVA-infected cultures did not improve on the magnitude of the T cell responses; in contrast, these noninfected DC showed downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), CD40, CD80, and CD86. We also observed that MVA-infected ALDC promoted migration of DEC-205 + SIRPα + CD21 + DC as well as CD4 + and CD8 + T cells independently of caspase activation. These in vitro studies show that induction of apoptosis in DC by MVA vectors is detrimental to the subsequent induction of T cell responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Based Vaccine Vectors Induce Apoptosis in Dendritic Cells Draining from the Skin via both the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Caspase Pathways, Preventing Efficient Antigen Presentation

Guzman¹,

Cubillos‐Zapata²,

Cottingham

et al. 2012

J Virol

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“…Similarities between bovine and human mycobacterial infections relate to infectious dose, pathology, prolonged latency periods, clinical wasting disease, and immune responses (13)(14)(15). Preexposure vaccines have been evaluated in cattle with experimental tuberculosis infection (16)(17)(18). But for evaluation of postexposure vaccines, no experimental model is available, and the use of naturally infected cattle is limited because the time of exposure cannot reliably be assessed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Postexposure Subunit Vaccination against Chronic Enteric Mycobacterial Infection in a Natural Host

et al. 2013

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The control of chronic bacterial diseases with high prevalence in areas of endemicity would strongly benefit from availability of postexposure vaccines. The development of these vaccines against mycobacterial infections, such as (para)tuberculosis, is hampered by lack of experience in natural hosts. Paratuberculosis in cattle is both a mycobacterial disease of worldwide importance and a natural host model for mycobacterial infections in general. The present study showed beneficial effects of therapeutic heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) vaccination in cattle with naturally acquired chronic infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vaccination-induced protection was associated with antibody responses, rather than with induction of specific T helper 1 cells. Targeted therapeutic postexposure vaccination complementary to selective use of antibiotics could be an effective approach for control of chronic mycobacterial infections.

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“…Recent studies indicate a correlation between vaccine elicited long-term cultured IFN-γ ELISPOT responses and protection against subsequent experimental infection with M. bovis [23][24] . It has been reported that weak long-term IFN-γ ELISPOT responses to vaccination are associated with the absence of protection 30 . Both live and killed vaccines induce similar ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT responses, but vaccination with live BCG elicits stronger long-term cultured IFN-γ ELISPOT responses than do killed vaccine preparations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

Maggioli

Palmer

Vordermeier³

et al. 2015

JoVE

Self Cite

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Effector and memory T cells are generated through developmental programing of naïve cells following antigen recognition. If the infection is controlled up to 95 % of the T cells generated during the expansion phase are eliminated (i.e., contraction phase) and memory T cells remain, sometimes for a lifetime. In humans, two functionally distinct subsets of memory T cells have been described based on the expression of lymph node homing receptors. Central memory T cells express C-C chemokine receptor 7 and CD45RO and are mainly located in T-cell areas of secondary lymphoid organs. Effector memory T cells express CD45RO, lack CCR7 and display receptors associated with lymphocyte homing to peripheral or inflamed tissues. Effector T cells do not express either CCR7 or CD45RO but upon encounter with antigen produce effector cytokines, such as interferon-γ. Interferon-γ release assays are used for the diagnosis of bovine and human tuberculosis and detect primarily effector and effector memory T cell responses. Central memory T cell responses by CD4 + T cells to vaccination, on the other hand, may be used to predict vaccine efficacy, as demonstrated with simian immunodeficiency virus infection of non-human primates, tuberculosis in mice, and malaria in humans. Several studies with mice and humans as well as unpublished data on cattle, have demonstrated that interferon-γ ELISPOT assays measure central memory T cell responses. With this assay, peripheral blood mononuclear cells are cultured in decreasing concentration of antigen for 10 to 14 days (long-term culture), allowing effector responses to peak and wane; facilitating central memory T cells to differentiate and expand within the culture.

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Viral Booster Vaccines Improve Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Induced Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Based Vaccine Vectors Induce Apoptosis in Dendritic Cells Draining from the Skin via both the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Caspase Pathways, Preventing Efficient Antigen Presentation

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Based Vaccine Vectors Induce Apoptosis in Dendritic Cells Draining from the Skin via both the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Caspase Pathways, Preventing Efficient Antigen Presentation

Postexposure Subunit Vaccination against Chronic Enteric Mycobacterial Infection in a Natural Host

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

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Viral Booster Vaccines Improve Mycobacterium bovis BCG-Induced Protection against Bovine Tuberculosis

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Based Vaccine Vectors Induce Apoptosis in Dendritic Cells Draining from the Skin via both the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Caspase Pathways, Preventing Efficient Antigen Presentation

Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-Based Vaccine Vectors Induce Apoptosis in Dendritic Cells Draining from the Skin via both the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Caspase Pathways, Preventing Efficient Antigen Presentation

Postexposure Subunit Vaccination against Chronic Enteric Mycobacterial Infection in a Natural Host

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-&#947; Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle

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Product

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About

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle