Viral Carcinogenesis Beyond Malignant Transformation: EBV in the Progression of Human Cancers

Oliveira, Deílson Elgui de; Müller-Coan, Bárbara G.; Pagano, Joseph S.

doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.008

Cited by 106 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…12 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of nasopharyngeal cancer, also having clinical use in posttreatment surveillance. 29 There are small-series studies from…”

Section: Nasopharyngeal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of head and neck cancer in Thailand

Tangjaturonrasme

Vatanasapt

Bychkov

2017

Asia-Pac J Clncl Oncology

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Cancer is the most common cause of death in Thailand, with the mortality almost doubled during 1998-2011 (from 48.4 to 95.2 per 100 000). The estimated number of new cancer cases in 2011 was 112 392. Our review provides baseline data on the current epidemiological situation with head and neck (HN) cancer in Thailand based on reports of the National Cancer Registry and findings from local and international publications. Collectively, HN cancer approaches agestandardized rate (ASR) incidence of 15.7 and 10.7 per 100 000 males and females, respectively, and is ranked among the top five dominant cancers in Thailand. The leading HN malignancies in men are oral (ASR incidence 4.6 per 100 000), nasopharyngeal (ASR 2.8) and laryngeal (ASR 2.7) cancers, while the most common cancers in women are thyroid (ASR 5.1) and oral (ASR 3.2) carcinomas. Some local habits (betel quid chewing, traditional cigarette smoking and alcohol intake) are associated with the high incidence of oral cancer in Northeast Thailand. Despite important prognostic significance, the role of human papillomavirus infection in various HN cancers from Thailand has been scarcely addressed. There is a growing incidence of thyroid cancer over the last two decades. The Thai population overall, compared to worldwide rates of HN malignancies, has a lower incidence of laryngeal and thyroid cancers but higher incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer. K E Y

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Section: Nasopharyngeal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of head and neck cancer in Thailand

Tangjaturonrasme

Vatanasapt

Bychkov

2017

Asia-Pac J Clncl Oncology

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“…It is a causative agent for IM (commonly known as kissing disease) and has also been detected in oral hairy leukoplakia [16]. Previous reports have shown that particular latent EBV-transcription programs are exhibited in numerous human tumors, including immunoblastic lymphoma in immunosuppressed patients, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) [2,4,17,18]. These typical expression patterns act as rough guidelines to aid in the clinicopathological diagnosis of every type of EBV [4,17].…”

Section: Ebv-associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reports have shown that particular latent EBV-transcription programs are exhibited in numerous human tumors, including immunoblastic lymphoma in immunosuppressed patients, Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) [2,4,17,18]. These typical expression patterns act as rough guidelines to aid in the clinicopathological diagnosis of every type of EBV [4,17]. The investigation of patients with EBV-infected tumors has provided a reasonable degree of proof that EBV was present before neoplastic transformation, which highlights the need to further elucidate how much EBV contributes to tumorigenesis [4].…”

Section: Ebv-associated Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Epstein–Barr Virus

et al. 2020

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my (M.A.H.A.); irekeola@student.usm.my (A.A.I.); hanimkk@usm.my (R.H.S.)Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of many diseases including infectious mononucleosis (IM), and it is associated with different subtypes of lymphoma, sarcoma and carcinoma such as Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma. With the advent of improved laboratory tests for EBV, a timelier and accurate diagnosis could be made to aid better prognosis and effective treatment. For histopathological lesions, the in situ hybridization (ISH) of EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in biopsy tissues remains the gold standard for detecting EBV. Methods such as the heterophile antibody test, immunofluorescence assays, enzyme immunoassays, Western blot, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are also employed in the detection of EBV in different types of samples. The determination of EBV viral load using PCR, however, is gaining more prominence in the diagnosis of EBV-associated diseases. Given the challenge of false positive/negative results that are sometimes experienced during the detection of EBV, variability in results from different laboratories, and the impact of factors such as sample type and the immunological status of patients from whom samples are collected, the need to critically examine these present methods is invaluable. This review thus presents current advances in the detection of EBV, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques. In addition, fundamental virological concepts are highlighted to enhance the greater understanding, the proper application, and the interpretation of EBV tests.Pathogens 2020, 9, 226 2 of 17 EBV can infect a wide range of cells and tissues including T and B lymphocytes, nasopharynx and oropharynx squamous epithelial cells, salivary and stomach glands, thyroid glandular epithelial cells, smooth muscle, and follicular dendritic cells [4]. However, EBV primarily infects and replicates in the stratified squamous epithelium of the oropharynx, followed by a latent infection of B lymphocytes [4]. It has been suggested that the EBV infection of B lymphocytes occurs in the oropharyngeal lymphoid organs [2]. In normal carriers, the virus persists in circulating memory B cells and initiates the production of immunoglobulins [1,2]. Following EBV's infection of B cells, a specific set of latency-related genes and transcripts are expressed, and the virus could remain dormant in resting memory B cells, from which it intermittently reactivates at any mucosal site where B cells are present (Table 1) [4,5]. The reactivation of EBV poses a great and difficult challenge to infected hosts [3]. In healthy adults, it is estimated that for every million B cells in circulation, approximately 1 to 50 are infected with EBV, with the number of latently-infected cells in each individual remaining stable for several years [6]. Therefore, EBV coexists with most human hosts without obvious outcomes. However, in some people, the virus is associated with the develo...

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“…1 Several molecules encoded by EBV in its latent phase are thought to be associated with carcinogenesis in various cancers including nasopharyngeal cancer, gastric cancer, classic Hodgkin lymphoma, and some types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. [2][3][4] Among them, extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL) is highly associated with EBV infection in terms of its pathogenesis. 5 EBV-encoded RNA1 (EBER1) is a non-coding small RNA with 167 nucleotides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EBV‐encoded RNA1‐positive cells in the bone marrow specimens of patients with EBV‐negative lymphomas and sarcomas

Ito¹,

Makita²,

Maeshima³

et al. 2019

Pathology International

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Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with pathogenesis of various cancers, including extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL). ENKL tumor cells are positive for EBV‐encoded RNA1 (EBER1), which is the most useful marker to identify ENKL tumor cells in histopathology. Currently, EBER1 in situ hybridization (ISH) is recommended to evaluate bone marrow (BM) involvement of ENKL. However, the actual burden of EBER1‐positive cells in normal BM specimens remains unclear. In the present study, we performed EBER1 ISH on 111 BM specimens, which were obtained during an initial staging procedure in patients with EBV‐negative cancers and were also negative for BM involvement. One or more EBER1‐positive cells per whole specimen were observed in 38 specimens (34%). The number of EBER1‐positive cells was distributed as follows: single positive cell, n = 17; two positive cells, n = 13; three positive cells, n = 3; and four positive cells, n = 5. These findings suggest that four or fewer EBER1‐positive cells can be observed in BM specimens of patients with non‐EBV‐related cancers. The clinical implications of a small number of EBER1‐positive cells in BM specimens of patients with ENKL should be evaluated in further studies.

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Viral Carcinogenesis Beyond Malignant Transformation: EBV in the Progression of Human Cancers

Cited by 106 publications

References 92 publications

Epidemiology of head and neck cancer in Thailand

Epidemiology of head and neck cancer in Thailand

Recent Advances in Diagnostic Approaches for Epstein–Barr Virus

EBV‐encoded RNA1‐positive cells in the bone marrow specimens of patients with EBV‐negative lymphomas and sarcomas

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