“…Ranaviruses (RVs) were initially identified in the mid-1960s (Granoff et al, 1966) but the implications of RV infections are still not completely understood. Ranaviruses have been associated with amphibians in Australia (Cullen and Owens, 2002), Asia (Zhang et al, 2001), Europe (Cunningham et al, 1996; Pasmans et al, 2008), South America (Zupanovic et al, 1998) and North America (Bollinger et al, 1999; Docherty et al, 2003; Greer et al, 2005; Jancovich et al, 1997, 2005), with fish species in Asia (Nakajima et al, 1998; Qin et al, 2003; Sudthongkong et al, 2002), Australia (Langdon and Humphrey, 1987), Europe (Ahne et al, 1997, 1989) and North America (Plumb et al, 1996), and with reptiles (Allender et al, 2006; De Voe et al, 2004; Hyatt et al, 2002; Johnson et al, 2007; Marschang et al, 1999, 2005). In addition to the major epidemics associated with RV infections in threatened amphibian species and commercially valuable fish, RVs are spread with fish, amphibians, and reptiles that are moved globally for bait, food, and as pets (Chinchar, 2002; Daszak et al, 1999; Jancovich et al, 2005; Picco and Collins, 2008; Schloegal et al, 2009).…”