Viral Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Iranian Hajj Pilgrims, 2006

Alborzi, Abdolvahab; Aelami, Mohammad Hasan; Ziyaeyan, Mazyar; Jamalidoust, Marzieh; Moeini, Mahsa; Pourabbas, Bahman; Abbasian, Amin

doi:10.1111/j.1708-8305.2009.00301.x

Cited by 58 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…17,18 The coverage rate of 89% in 2012 among Australian Hajj pilgrims compares well with the vaccination rate among the Iranian pilgrims (86%-98%) for the last few years, and French (97%) and domestic Saudi pilgrims (94%) for the 2009 Hajj. 7,11,13,19,20 It was higher than among US (63%) and Malaysian (73%) pilgrims. 6,21 A cross-sectional survey conducted several years ago among Asia-Pacific travelers, including Australians, showed that only 3% of Western (ie, those from Australia, New Zealand, Europe, and North America) travelers received influenza vaccine for their trip and 11% received the vaccine in previous years.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…4,5 Despite this yearly recommendation, influenza vaccine uptake rate among Hajj pilgrims has varied by country and by year (Table 1). [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] There are no comprehensive official data on influenza vaccination rate among Australian Hajj pilgrims or other travelers. A prospective study that assessed the incidence and risk factors for acute respiratory illnesses and influenza infections among Australian travelers between August 2007 and January 2010, reported only 49% influenza vaccine uptake prior to their trip to Asia, and only 56% travelers admitted receiving the vaccine in the 3 years before travel.…”

Section: Cohort 2007 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influenza Vaccination Among Australian Hajj Pilgrims: Uptake, Attitudes, and Barriers

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Cohort 2007 27mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Vaccination Among Australian Hajj Pilgrims: Uptake, Attitudes, and Barriers

et al. 2014

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“…[14,21,23,28,34,35,48]. Five studies conducted between 2005 and 2013 involved French pilgrims [20,24,[44][45][46]; 3 of these conducted by Gautret et al [24,44,46] [24,44,46].…”

Section: Influenza Vaccine Uptakementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Of these, 6 studies reported laboratory-confirmed influenza as an outcome [10,14,16,22,25,33], but only one study found influenza vaccine to be effective in reducing influenza (p < 0.001) [10]. However, meta-analysis of the data from 6 studies which provided both laboratory results by vaccination status [10,14,16,22,25,33] shows that the influenza vaccine was significantly protective against laboratory-confirmed influenza among Hajj pilgrims (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41-0.75; p < 0.001) (Fig.…”

Section: Influenza Vaccine Effectivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccinations against respiratory tract infections at Hajj

Alqahtani

Rashid

Heywood

2015

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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The transmission of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) is very high among the Hajj congregation in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Despite recommendations for vaccinations, pilgrims remain at increased risk of RTIs. In this paper we systematically reviewed available studies assessing the uptake and effectiveness of vaccinations against RTIs among Hajj pilgrims and enumerated important demographic factors, if described, associated with vaccine uptake. Of the 42 included studies, 29 reported on the uptake and effectiveness of influenza vaccine among pilgrims, eight studies reported the uptake of other vaccines, notably pneumococcal, diphtheria and bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccines, and the remaining five studies described both influenza and non-influenza vaccines. The uptake of seasonal influenza vaccine ranged from 0.7% to 100% across the study populations, with coverage highest in the elderly and those with pre-existing co-morbidities. The effectiveness of influenza vaccine was variable across studies but was significantly effective against laboratory-confirmed influenza (risk ratio 0.56; 95% CI 0.41-0.75; p <0.001) in pooled metadata from six studies. Uptake of diphtheria and pneumococcal vaccines was low, and the only study reporting pertussis among Hajj pilgrims found the presence of pre-Hajj immunity to be significantly protective against disease. Despite favourable evidence of effectiveness, our review shows variable uptake of vaccines across a number of studies with few data available on the uptake of non-influenza vaccines. Mixed-method studies are needed to gauge knowledge, attitudes and practices of Hajj pilgrims regarding vaccination, and randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the efficacy of vaccines and improve uptake in this vulnerable travelling population.

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Acute viral respiratory infections among children in MERS‐endemic Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2012–2013

Fagbo

Garbati

Hasan

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia has intensified focus on Acute Respiratory Infections [ARIs]. This study sought to identify respiratory viruses (RVs) associated with ARIs in children presenting at a tertiary hospital. Children (aged ≤13) presenting with ARI between January 2012 and December 2013 tested for 15 RVs using the Seeplex RV15 kit were retrospectively included. Epidemiological data was retrieved from patient records. Of the 2235 children tested, 61.5% were ≤1 year with a male: female ratio of 3:2. Viruses were detected in 1364 (61.02%) children, 233 (10.4%) having dual infections: these viruses include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (24%), human rhinovirus (hRV) (19.7%), adenovirus (5.7%), influenza virus (5.3%), and parainfluenzavirus-3 (4.6%). Children, aged 9-11 months, were most infected (60.9%). Lower respiratory tract infections (55.4%) were significantly more than upper respiratory tract infection (45.3%) (P < 0.001). Seasonal variation of RV was directly and inversely proportional to relative humidity and temperature, respectively, for non MERS coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, and OC43). The study confirms community-acquired RV associated with ARI in children and suggests modulating roles for abiotic factors in RV epidemiology. However, community-based studies are needed to elucidate how these factors locally influence RV epidemiology. J. Med. Virol. 89:195-201, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Viral Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections Among Iranian Hajj Pilgrims, 2006

Cited by 58 publications

References 11 publications

Influenza Vaccination Among Australian Hajj Pilgrims: Uptake, Attitudes, and Barriers

Influenza Vaccination Among Australian Hajj Pilgrims: Uptake, Attitudes, and Barriers

Vaccinations against respiratory tract infections at Hajj

Acute viral respiratory infections among children in MERS‐endemic Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2012–2013

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