Viral Hepatitis and Injection Drug Use in Appalachian Kentucky: A Survey of Rural Health Department Clients

Christian, W; Hopenhayn, Claudia; Christian, Amy; McIntosh, Deana; Koch, Alvaro

doi:10.1177/003335491012500116

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The remaining three studies recruited or used data from state or local health departments. A study from rural Appalachian Kentucky recruited individuals who received HCV/hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing at four health departments (Christian et al, 2010). Eight of the 12 individuals who had a positive HCV antibody test had a history of IDU (a 57% HCV-positivity rate among PWID).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection drug use, HIV/HCV, and related services in nonurban areas of the United States: A systematic review

Paquette

Pollini

2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection drug use, HIV/HCV, and related services in nonurban areas of the United States: A systematic review

Paquette

Pollini

2018

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…This study was conducted in rural Appalachian Kentucky, a region with high prevalence of HCV among PWID (27, 28) in the state reporting the highest number of acute HCV infections in the United States (29). The incidence rate among PWID in this region (approximately 14 per 100 person-years) (30) is near the primary infection rate estimated in a recent study to be necessary to adequately power a trial evaluating efficacy of a highly efficacious vaccine designed to prevent chronic HCV (31).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C vaccine clinical trials among people who use drugs: potential for participation and involvement in recruitment

Young

Stephens

Khaleel

et al. 2015

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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Candidate prophylactic HCV vaccines are approaching phase III clinical trial readiness, yet little is known about the potential for participation among target groups or innovative ways to promote enrollment within ‘hard-to-reach’ populations. This study describes HCV vaccine trial participation willingness among a high-risk sample of people who use drugs and their willingness to assist researchers by promoting the trial among peers. Willingness to participate in and encourage peers’ participation in an HCV vaccine trial was assessed among injection and non-injection drug users enrolled in a cohort study in Kentucky using interviewer-administered questionnaires (n=165 and 415, respectively, with willingness to participate assessed among HCV-seronegative participants only). Generalized linear mixed models were used to determine correlates to being "very likely" to participate or encourage participation in a trial. Most reported being likely to participate or encourage participation in a vaccine trial (63% and 87%, respectively). Men were significantly less likely to report willingness to encourage others’ participation, while willingness to encourage was higher among HCV-seropositive participants. Unemployment, lesser education, receipt of financial support from more peers, and nonmedical prescription drug use were positively associated with willingness to participate, as were heroin and methamphetamine use. Differential enrollment in HCV vaccine clinical trials by socioeconomic status may occur, underscoring ethical considerations and need for avoiding coercion. Notably, the data suggest that a peer-driven approach to promoting trial participation among people who use drugs could be feasible in this population and that HCV-seropositive individuals and women could be especially instrumental in these efforts.

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“…The majority of studies in the related research have been focused on PWID populations living in large metropolitan centres. Exceptions include the Prince George cohort of the Cedar Project research (Craib et al, 2009;Miller et al, 2009;Spittal et al, 2012); northern sentinel sites in the I-Track survey including Saskatoon, Thunder Bay, Sudbury, and Prince George (PHAC, 2014); and studies conducted in the rural Appalachian region of Kentucky (Christian et al, 2010;Havens et al, 2013). In an attempt to address the paucity of HCV research outside of large metropolitan centres, the current thesis research will explore risk behaviours and characteristics associated with HCV among PWIDs living in the northern, non-metropolitan location of Prince George, BC.…”

Section: Gaps In the Related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IV -Injection partners. Injection partners were identified as a risk factor associated with HCV among PWIDs in the related literature (Christian et al, 2010;Evans et al, 2014;Hahn et al, 2010;Morris et al, 2013;Roy et al, 2011;Wagner et al, 2013). The I-Track survey question pertaining to injection partners was "In the past 6 months, with whom did you inject most often?"…”

Section: Independent Variable (Iv) -Sharing Injection Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk behaviours associated with hepatitis C infection among persons who inject drugs in Prince George, British Columbia

Ridsdale¹

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Persons who inject drugs (PWIDs) are at high-risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection due to blood-to-blood contact when sharing injection equipment (World Health Organization, 2014). To investigate this health concern, the current thesis research obtained the 2008 and 2012 Prince George I-Track survey datasets from the Public Health Agency of Canada (2012). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine risk behaviours and characteristics associated with HCV infection among PWIDs living in Prince George, British Columbia (BC). Two independent variables were significantly associated with HCV infection among Prince George PWIDs: injecting for more than two years, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 7.87, p < .001, 95% CI [3.60, 17.18], and injecting alone (versus with others), AOR 2.49, p = .004, 95% CI [1.35, 4.59]. The study results provide health practitioners with a highly sensitive (94.1%) predictive tool to identify PWIDs in Prince George, BC who are most likely to be infected with HCV.

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Viral Hepatitis and Injection Drug Use in Appalachian Kentucky: A Survey of Rural Health Department Clients

Cited by 19 publications

References 15 publications

Injection drug use, HIV/HCV, and related services in nonurban areas of the United States: A systematic review

Injection drug use, HIV/HCV, and related services in nonurban areas of the United States: A systematic review

Hepatitis C vaccine clinical trials among people who use drugs: potential for participation and involvement in recruitment

Risk behaviours associated with hepatitis C infection among persons who inject drugs in Prince George, British Columbia

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