Viral hepatitis and liver cancer

Ringehan, Marc; McKeating, Jane A.; Protzer, Ulrike

doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0274

Cited by 311 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Rates of case notification and effective treatment of hepatitis are low because of several factors, such as poor diagnosis, high healthcare costs, and stigma [30–33]. A significant proportion of people infected with HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) will develop liver cirrhosis, cancer, or other serious liver diseases [34,35]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current situation and progress toward the 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals in China: A systematic analysis

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by all United Nations (UN) member states in 2015, established a set of bold and ambitious health-related targets to achieve by 2030. Understanding China’s progress toward these targets is critical to improving population health for its 1.4 billion people.Methods and findingsWe used estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016, national surveys and surveillance data from China, and qualitative data. Twenty-eight of the 37 indicators included in the GBD Study 2016 were analyzed. We developed an attainment index of health-related SDGs, a scale of 0–100 based on the values of indicators. The projection model is adjusted based on the one developed by the GBD Study 2016 SDG collaborators.We found that China has achieved several health-related SDG targets, including decreasing neonatal and under-5 mortality rates and the maternal mortality ratios and reducing wasting and stunting for children. However, China may only achieve 12 out of the 28 health-related SDG targets by 2030. The number of target indicators achieved varies among provinces and municipalities. In 2016, among the seven measured health domains, China performed best in child nutrition and maternal and child health and reproductive health, with the attainment index scores of 93.0 and 91.8, respectively, followed by noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) (69.4), road injuries (63.6), infectious diseases (63.0), environmental health (62.9), and universal health coverage (UHC) (54.4). There are daunting challenges to achieve the targets for child overweight, infectious diseases, NCD risk factors, and environmental exposure factors. China will also have a formidable challenge in achieving UHC, particularly in ensuring access to essential healthcare for all and providing adequate financial protection. The attainment index of child nutrition is projected to drop to 80.5 by 2025 because of worsening child overweight. The index of NCD risk factors is projected to drop to 38.8 by 2025. Regional disparities are substantial, with eastern provinces generally performing better than central and western provinces. Sex disparities are clear, with men at higher risk of excess mortality than women. The primary limitations of this study are the limited data availability and quality for several indicators and the adoption of "business-as-usual" projection methods.ConclusionThe study found that China has made good progress in improving population health, but challenges lie ahead. China has substantially improved the health of children and women and will continue to make good progress, although geographic disparities remain a great challenge. Meanwhile, China faced challenges in NCDs, mental health, and some infectious diseases. Poor control of health risk factors and worsening environmental threats have posed difficulties in further health improvement. Meanwhile, an inefficient health system is a barrier to tackling these challenges among such a rapidly aging population. The eastern provinces are predicted to pe...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current situation and progress toward the 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals in China: A systematic analysis

et al. 2019

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“…Liver cancer resulting from HBV and hepatitis C viruses (HCV) infection is an unsolved public health problem despite the success of the HBV vaccine and anti-viral drugs targeting HCV. Ringelhan et al [27] describe these liver pathogens and point towards how the fundamental molecular virology of these viruses can provide new avenues for prevention and therapy. Finally, the human retroviruses, viruses with both RNA-and DNA-based life cycles, remain a fundamental source of new biology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human oncogenic viruses: nature and discovery

Chang

Moore

Weiss

2017

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Seven kinds of virus collectively comprise an important cause of cancer, particularly in less developed countries and for people with damaged immune systems. Discovered over the past 54 years, most of these viruses are common infections of humankind for which malignancy is a rare consequence. Various cofactors affect the complex interaction between virus and host and the likelihood of cancer emerging. Although individual human tumour viruses exert their malignant effects in different ways, there are common features that illuminate mechanisms of oncogenesis more generally, whether or not there is a viral aetiology. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human oncogenic viruses’.

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“…Viral infection of the liver is a global health problem with up to 150 million individuals infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) that causes progressive liver disease and is one of the leading indications for liver transplantation 11 . In almost every case HCV infects the newly transplanted organ or donor allograft, providing an unprecedented window to study the early stages of HCV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime variation in hepatitis C virus replication kinetics following liver transplant

et al. 2018

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Background: There is a growing interest in the role of circadian regulated pathways in disease pathogenesis. Methods: In a cohort of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients undergoing liver transplantation, we observed differences in early viral infection kinetics of the allograft that associated with the time of liver transplant. Results: A higher frequency of subjects transplanted in the morning showed a rebound in viral RNA levels (n=4/6) during the first week post-surgery. In contrast, no viral rebound was observed in seven subjects transplanted in the afternoon. None of the other parameters previously reported to influence viral replication in the post-transplant setting, such as donor age, cold-ischemia time and length of surgery associated with viral rebound. Conclusions: These observation highlights a role for circadian processes to regulate HCV infection of the liver and warrants further investigation.

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Viral hepatitis and liver cancer

Cited by 311 publications

References 143 publications

Current situation and progress toward the 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals in China: A systematic analysis

Current situation and progress toward the 2030 health-related Sustainable Development Goals in China: A systematic analysis

Human oncogenic viruses: nature and discovery

Daytime variation in hepatitis C virus replication kinetics following liver transplant

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