Viral Hepatitis B and C Prevalence and Related Risk Factors Among Prisons in Duhok City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Abstract

Background Infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are major public health problems worldwide. Public health services are still confronted with the problem of HBV and HCV infections, which calls for targeted preventative measures, especially for critical groups such as prisoners. Therefore, the study aims to measure the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections and to investigate their risk factors among prisoners in Duhok City, Kurdistan, Iraq. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed at the two main prisons inside Duhok city. There were a total of 1,013 inmates: at the Zerka jail, there were 945 male inmates, and at the Etiti jail, there were 50 adult females and 18 adolescent male inmates. Data collection was performed by a direct interview using a structured questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors. Serum samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibody (HCV-Ab) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The mean age of the participants was 35.9 years. The prevalence of HBV and HCV infections was 1.28% and 0.09%, respectively. HBV infection was significantly associated with occupation and marital status. The main risk factors were previous history of surgery and tooth extraction. Conclusions In conclusion, the prevalence of HBV was low while that of HCV was very low. It is usually recommended to take steps to screen for and treat HBV and HCV in patients.