Viral Infection and Antiviral Treatments in Ocular Pathologies

Abstract

Ocular viral infections are common and widespread globally. These infectious diseases are a major cause of acute red eyes and vision loss. The eye and its nearby tissues can be infected by several viral agents, causing infections with a short course and limited ocular implications or a long clinical progression and serious consequences for the function and structure of the ocular region. Several surveillance studies underline the increased emergence of drug resistance among pathogenic viral strains, limiting treatment options for these infections. Currently, in the event of resistant infections, topical or systemic corticosteroids are useful in the management of associated immune reactions in the eye, which contribute to ocular dysfunction. Many cases of viral eye infections are misdiagnosed as being of bacterial origin. In these cases, therapy begins late and is not targeted at the actual cause of the infection, often leading to severe ocular compromises, such as corneal infiltrates, conjunctival scarring, and reduced visual acuity. The present study aims at a better understanding of the viral pathogens that cause eye infections, along with the treatment options available.

Understanding Acanthamoeba Keratitis: An In-Depth Review of a Sight-Threatening Eye Infection

“…Microbial keratitis, also referred to as infectious corneal ulcers, arises from the proliferation of various microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. This proliferation induces the inflammation and degradation of the corneal tissue, thereby endangering visual acuity and presenting a significant challenge in the field of ophthalmology [1][2][3][4][5]. Among these infections, Acanthamoeba keratitis stands out as a parasitic corneal affliction provoked by a free-living amoeba commonly inhabiting water and soil environments.…”

Anti-Staphylococcal Biofilm Effects of a Liposome-Based Formulation Containing Citrus Polyphenols

“…These diseases are mainly caused by bacteria, with the Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus as the predominantly involved species [4][5][6]. Although at a lower rate than bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites can also be responsible for ocular infections [7,8].…”

Ocular involvement in highly treatment-experienced patients with HIV

“…Early detection and intervention are critical to preserving vision and improving overall outcomes. Collaboration between ophthalmologists, infectious disease specialists, and primary care providers is essential to address the unique challenges presented by these patients [ 8 ].…”